212 FERUSSACHXE. 



The apex is small and obtuse, embryonic whorls not differ- 

 entiated from those following. Aperture ovate or pirifonn, 

 simple or dentate. The columella is usually sinuate or trun- 

 cate at the base. Outer lip not expanded, often thickened 

 within. 



The family Ferussacidce is here retained simply as a tem- 

 porary arrangement, pending more exact knowledge of the 

 several genera. The pallial organs of only one genus, Cock- 

 licopa, have been examined, and the other organs differ so 

 widely in the two chief genera which have been dissected 

 (Cocklicopa and Ferussacia), that one can scarcely believe 

 them to be members of one family. The detailed descriptions 

 of the soft anatomy may be found under the generic heads, 

 but the facts are briefly as follows : 



(1) In Ferussacia gronoviana according to Godwin- Austen, 

 the head is proboscidiform (pi. 42, fig. 77). The foot has 

 pedal grooves and a caudal mucus pore (pi. 42, figs. 72, 76). 

 The genitalia are simple, the penis being figured with terminal 

 retractor 'and vas deferens and no appendix (pi. 42, fig. 75). 

 The teeth are all tricuspid (pi. 42, fig. 78), and are very nu- 

 merous, 60 to over 100 in a transverse row. The pallial or- 

 gans are unknown. If the ureter is of the reflexed type, these 

 characters indicate a distinct family of Aulacopoda related 

 to the Zonitida and Endodontida. The genus Cryptazeca 

 is closely related, having a similar foot and teeth. Various 

 Madeiran Ferussacia examined by E. B. Watson are similar 

 in external anatomy, jaw and teeth. 



(2) In Cochlicopa lubrica, dissected by Lehmann and by 

 myself, the foot has no pedal grooves or caudal pore. The 

 penis has a long appendix (fig. 3 App.). The lateral 

 teeth are bicuspid, having no entocones (fig. 1), 'and the 

 marginals are low, wide and multicuspid. There are com- 

 paratively few teeth, 40 to 50 in a transverse row. The 

 ureter passes directly forward from the kidney (fig. 2). 

 Azeca menkeana alzenensis is known to agree with Cochlicopa 

 in genitalia and teeth ; and according to Lehmann, Cacilioides 

 acicula has genitalia of the same type. These characters are 

 those of the terrestrial Achatinellida. So far as the groups 



