ACHATINELLA TURGIDA. 299 



conspicuous streaks and faint bands of russet is figured. The 

 sutural band and border behind the lip are blackish. PL 56, 

 fig. 9, coll. by Spalding. Mr. J. S. Emerson has a very fine 

 series of the brown-banded form from this ridge. 



34c. A. TURGIDA SIMULACRUM n. subsp. PL 56, figs. 13 to 14cL 



The shell is sinistral, in shape like turgida; white with black 

 or chestnut bands and lines, usually wanting near the suture ; 

 embryonic whorls ivory tinted. Peristome deep livid purple, 

 the columellar tooth paler or sometimes white. There is a 

 black streak behind the lip. 



Length 21, diam. 14.5 mm. ; 6% whorls. 



Length 20.5, diam. 13.2 mm. 



Length 18.6, diam. 13 mm.; 6% whorls. 



Waimano-Manana ridge, along the summit trail, above the 

 locality of A. t. cookei (Spalding, Pilsbry, Merriam), types 

 108063 A. N. S. Eidge west of Manana (W. D. Wilder). 



This race is intermediate between ovum and cookei, and 

 specimens can be selected which are transitional towards one 

 or the other. Yet it seems to be a pure race, even though the 

 range of fluctuation in banding is considerable, and it oc- 

 cupies territory a couple of miles long. It begins about one- 

 fourth or one-half mile above the cookei colony, and is found 

 thence along the crest of the ridge up to within about a half- 

 mile of the peak on the main range. It has thus a far greater 

 area than A. t. cookei, which probably arose from simulacrum 

 by a mutation at the lower edge of the simulacrum colony. 

 The fully marked, dark shells are mainly in the lower part 

 of its range, nearest to the cookei colony. Figs 14 to 14d 

 represent shells of the type lot. It differs from most A. t. 

 ovum by the white ground, purple lip and black bands ; from 

 A. t. cookei by having bands above the periphery, and the 

 ground-color is never tawny. Very rarely the whole base is 

 black. The embryos are either pure white above, slightly yel- 

 lowish below the sharply angular periphery, or they are ochra- 

 ceous above, buff with an ochraceous band below. No dextral 

 specimens have been found. 



On the ridge west of Manana Mr. Wilder found specimens 



