ACHATINELLA APEXFULVA. 319 



It was then near the lower limit of woodland, which long ago 

 receded far up the gulch. This colony was composed of en- 

 tirely typical apexfulva, and as the range of single patterns is 

 usually quite restricted, there is good reason to believe that 

 this grove was a remnant of the colony from which the native 

 Hawaiians gathered shells for the lei obtained by Captain 

 Dixon. 



The colony was a pure one, though showing some ''fluctu- 

 ating variation ' ' by the presence in some individuals of whit- 

 ish or white spiral lines. Of 49 taken by Mr. Emerson, all are 

 dextral. 33 are blackish carob-brown, fig. 1 ; 8 chestnut (the 

 shade and gloss of a horse chestnut), fig. la; 7 faintly marked 

 with white, fig. 1& ; and 1, immature, banded with white, fig. 

 Ic. This last specimen is unique in the colony. 



So far as I know, this is the only locality for strictly typical 

 apexfulva, in a pure race. In some other colonies that pat- 

 tern is found in hybrid communities consisting chiefly of other 

 color-forms, such as A. a. apicata and A. a. beata. Mr. Emer- 

 son has two apexfulva patterns from high in Helemano, but 

 their associates are unknown to me. 



Synopsis of the distribution of the races. Typical A. apex- 

 fulva is to be looked upon as an aberrant, melanistic local 

 race of a species widely spread, from Opaeula to Kalaikoa, 

 commonly appearing in a streaked garb, and known as A. 

 apicata. 



In the central part of its area, apicata is chiefly a dark- 

 streaked shell with rufous sutural line. Westward there is a 

 tendency to blend the streaks, and a white sutural band ap- 

 pears. I have called this the cervixnivea pattern. On the 

 Poamoho-Helemano ridge this passes into the various forms 

 comprised under the term beata, with the shell banded, white 

 or black. 



Farther west, on the ridge beyond Opaeula gulch, we have 

 the pink form, vespertina ; and the black or deep liver-brown 

 form, apexfulva, low in the gulch, and now probably extinct. 



Eastward there is a peculiar pink-banded race which I have 

 called A. a. aloha, on the ridge dividing the upper end of 

 north Kaukinehua. The lower end of the main Kaukinehua 



