ACHATINELLA VALIDA. 335 



lated, appressed. Length 21%, diam. 13mm.; aperture 

 mm. long, 5% wide within. 



"Var. b. Black, pallidly, interruptedly lineolate or banded. 

 Inhabits the Sandwich Islands, Frick, in Mus. Coming " 

 (Pfr.). 



Northwestern Oahu : Pupukea, type locality ; varieties to 

 Kahuku. 



Achatinella valida PFR., P. Z. S., 1855, p. 6, pi. 30, f. 24; 

 Malak. BL, 1855, p. 69 ; Monographia Hel. Yiv., iv, 540. 



Pfeiffer's type figure is exactly reproduced in pi. 30, fig. 24, 

 and specimens from a large series, collected by Gulick, are fig- 

 ured on pi. 52, figs. 15-15e, from Pupukea, which may be ac- 

 cepted as type locality. Out of 62 shells in this set, 36 are 

 dextral. The embryonic whorls form a more narrowly conic 

 summit than in species of the turgida-swiftii-apexfulva 

 series, of a dull red color, varying in shade between claret 

 brown and ocher red. The last embryonic whorl is overlaid 

 with whitish, also the first whorl, the tip usually being almost 

 white* The spire is straightly conic. The last whorl has a 

 cinnamon ground, more or less profusely streaked and spirally 

 banded or lineate with brownish black, or rarely brown. A 

 sutural band is white, and rarely there is a white line or band 

 at the periphery. The cinnamon ground fades on the pen- 

 ultimate whorl to whitish on those above. The aperture is 

 white, outer lip faintly brown-tinted. 



A. valida is apparently quite distinct from all forms of the 

 interior watershed of the main range. Except in the direction 

 of coil, the large series seen is unusually homogeneous. The 

 broad-banded form, fig. 15&, and that without black markings, 

 fig. 15&, are very unusual patterns. 



In a wider sense, A. valida includes the forms described as 

 leucoph&a and leucozona Gulick ; yet as the several races occur 

 in pure colonies so far as we know, they may stand as sub- 

 species. On the extreme limits of their variation are a few 

 more or less intermediate specimens. Further exploitation of 

 the ridges would probably diminish the distinctions. 372 

 shells of all the races are before me. 



