Viii INTRODUCTION. 



b. Oviparous; whorls usually almost flat. 



TORNATELLARIA, p. 251. 



fe 1 . Viviparous; whorls usually convex. 



TORNATELLIDES, p. 192. 



NOTES ON THE CLASSIFICATION OP TORNATELLINID^E. 



The systematic study of this family was begun by Beck 

 (1837), Anton (1839) and Pfeiffer (1842). Dohrn also dis- 

 cussed the system in 1863 (Malakozoologischer Blatter X, p. 

 156). Many naturalists, among whom we may mention Har- 

 per Pease, Andrew Garrett, C. F. Ancey and 0. von Moel- 

 lendorff, have contributed descriptions of species, the old 

 genus Tornatellina becoming thereby more and more hetero- 

 geneous. 



An illustrated monograph of Tornatellina was published 

 about 1850 by H. C. Kuester, in the Systematisches Conchy- 

 lien-Cabinet (15 species). Pfeiffer, in his Nomenclator of 

 1878, enumerated about 60 species of Auriculella and Torna- 

 tellina, descriptions of which had appeared in the successive 

 volumes of his Monographia Heliceorum. 



A new classification of these snails was offered by the senior 

 author in a synopsis of the genera published in 1910. This 

 classification is fully worked out, with additions by both 

 authors, in the present volume. 



The family now numbers 174 species and 20 subspecies, 

 exclusive of those ascertained to be synonyms. Some 10 or 

 12 of these species are of doubtful standing. About 45 per 

 cent of the known species and subspecies are first described 

 in this volume. 



A sequence of the genera better than that given in the text 

 follows, related genera being bracketed together: 

 f Lamellovum. 

 [ Elasmias. 

 Tornatellina. 

 Tornatellides. 

 f Tornatellaria. 

 < Gulickia. 

 ( Auriculella. 



