252 TORNATELLARIA. 



prolific in species as Tornatellides. It is also more primitive 

 than Tornatellides, both by the mode of reproduction and by 

 the greater similarity of the lamellae of the young and adult 

 stages. 



The oviparous reproduction and the system of apertural 

 lamellae are alike in Tornatellaria and the less evolved groups 

 of Auriculella. The genus Gulickia, closely related to Auri- 

 culella, is also much like Tornatellaria. There seems to be real 

 affinity between these three genera. But Auriculella and 

 Gulichia, even when umbilicate at the last whorl, have the axis 

 solid until the ephebic stage, while in Tornatellaria the axis 

 is perforated throughout. 



To the generic characters given above we may add that the 

 surface may be either glossy, silky or dull. It is minutely 

 striate with lines of growth. The spire varies from slightly 

 concave to convex in outline. The embryonic shell, of just 

 over two whorls, is regularly, spirally striate, the striae being 

 in the form of slightly raised lines. In immature specimens 

 the lower columellar lamella is usually stronger than the upper, 

 but in five species (newcombi, Ulce, umbilicata, anceyana and 

 baldwiniana) the reverse is found. In most of the species, 

 when examined under a high-power lens, the margin of the 

 parietal lamella is seen to be indistinctly and irregularly ser- 

 rate. In T. anceyana the serrations are distinct and regular. 

 By its convex whorls, few in number, the last one rotund, 

 T. baldwiniana looks like a Tornatellides ; but the other species 

 have a distinct facies which one soon learns to recognize. 



The identification of specimens is somewhat difficult in this 

 genus, on account of the similarity of several of the Molokai- 

 Maui-Hawaiian species. The types of all the species have 

 been examined in the preparation of this monograph. Types 

 of all but one species are in the collections of the Bishop 

 Museum and Academy of Natural Sciences. 



The species of Tornatellaria are terrestrial. They are usu- 

 ally found on dead leaves and twigs where the ieie (Frey- 

 cinetia arnotti) and kukui (Aleurites moluccana) are grow- 

 ing. A few specimens are sometimes taken on the trunks of 



