268 ABIDA. 



Stomodonta Mermet was a composite genus, formed by the 

 union of the prior genera Clausilia, Pupa and Vertigo, which 

 Mermet considered to be not generically distinct. Pupa secale 

 Drap. is here selected as its type. 



Jaminia of Risso was a heterogeneous group. It has been 

 discussed by Woodward, Journ. of Conch., 1903, p. 358, Cock- 

 erell (Nautilus, xviii, p. 103), Dall (Nautilus, xvii, 115, xviii, 

 114) and Pilsbry (Nautilus, xviii, 105, 117), but Gray had 

 already selected a type in 1847. According to existing rules 

 governing nomenclature, a type once properly selected cannot 

 be altered, and Gray's action removed Jaminia from the 

 Pupillid group. It will displace Chondrula Beck in the Buli- 

 minoid series. 



Abida and Chondrina have generally been known as Tor- 

 quttla a name long before used for a genus of birds. Chon- 

 drus of Cuvier included species of Abida, but the type species, 

 zebra Oliv. (selected by Gray, P. Z. S., 1847, p. 175), belongs 

 to the Buliminoid group generally known by the later name 

 Brephulus. Hartmann's use of Chondrus for the Abidas 

 (1821) was not a restriction of Cuvier 's group, as he did not 

 recognize its composite nature or name a type. See notes 

 under Chondrina. 



Tertiary Species of Abida and Chondrina. 



The paleontology of Abida and Chondrina is little known. 

 The earliest forms are A. vouastensis of northern France 

 (Oise), considered by Easpail to be of Bartonian Eocene age, 

 and much like the recent frumentum; an undetermined Middle 



C. apiarium Bolt=t*ra Gmel.=uva L. Type of Cerion. 



C. pupa Bolt.=jBeftz pupa Gm., a species of Mastus (Enidae). 



C. botrys Bolt, undetermined. 



<7. bidens Bolt. = Tur&o bidens Gmel., a Clausilia. 



Synonyms of Cerion are: Cerium Link, Beschreib, Rostock Sammlung iii, 

 1807, p. 131, for C. uva and C. bidens^ the former the type. Puparia Rafines- 

 que, Analyse de la Nature, 1815, p. 143, new name for Pupa Lam. , therefore 

 taking the same type, P. uva. Fe'russac included the Abidas, as well as 

 Orcula, Pupil.la, Cerion and other groups under the subgenus Cochlodonta. It 

 is proposed to make the species uva Linn, type of Cochlodonta, which there- 

 fore becomes equivalent to Cerion Bolten. 



