GRANOPUPA. 337 



Pupa granum var. bulimiformis Love MS., MOUSSON, Re- 

 visioii de la Fauna Malacologique des Canaries, 1872, p. 123. 

 Pupa granum var. bulimaformis WOLLASTON, Testacea At- 

 lantica, 1878, pp. 451-2. 



P. [upa] (TorquUla) profuga WESTERLUND, Ann. Mus. 

 Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., iii, 1898, p. 165. LIND- 

 HOLM, same Annuaire, xviii, 1913, p. 159, as a synonym of 

 Pupa granum. 



The typical form of granum has seven teeth, as described 

 above. In some localities a minute angular lamella is added, 

 and there may be also a little spiral lamella outside of the 

 inner end of the parietal and not visible in a direct front view, 

 as shown in pi. 47, fig. 12, from Tuscany. 



In specimens seen from Greece and Asia Minor the little 

 suprapalatal plica is often wanting, and the angular nodule 

 frequently rather conspicuous. 



Having seen many specimens labeled P. subulata by Benoit, 

 I am unable to find any constant differences. The specimens 

 from Malta, from A. Caruana-Gatto, are ordinary granum. 



In most localities there is considerable variation in size and 

 degree of taper. Sometimes the striae are partly effaced on 

 the later whorls. The named varieties are partly selected 

 specimens from variable lots, and none of them appear to 

 have much racial value. 



The Transcaspian P. profuga West, is said by Lindholm, 

 who examined the type lot, not to differ even varietally from 

 granum. The description follows: 



P[upa] (TorquUla) profuga West. Shell rimate, cylindric- 

 turrited, buff, densely hair-striate under a strong lens, the 

 striae oblique and curved. 7%-8 slowly increasing, rather 

 convex whorls, the last ascending in front, dilated, rotund at 

 base. Suture a little oblique. Aperture oval, 7-toothed : one 

 parietal, two columellar, four palatal ; and an obsolete angu- 

 lar denticle ; parietal lamella immersed, high ; columellar teeth 

 immersed, short, the lower one smaller; palatal plicae im- 

 mersed, the first very short, fourth punctiform, second and 

 third short (the third longer), tubercular in the middle, but 

 prolonged inward in a long, thin tail. Peristome everywhere 

 equally spreading, whitish, the margins slightly curved, con- 



