354 GRANOPUPA. 



elevation of which, in combination with the depth of the 

 suture, renders the whorls obtusely carinate. Aperture ovate- 

 elongate, with a distinct tooth on the wide columella ; peristome 

 simple, somewhat reflected above the place of the umbilicus; 

 margins approaching. Length 4, diam. 1% mm. (Benoit). 



Sicily: campagne di Palermo and in Madonie (Benoit). 



Pupa scalaris BENOIT, Nuovo Catalogo Conch, terr. e fluv. 

 Sieilia, 1881, p. 96; Illustr. Sist., Grit., Icon., pi. 5, f. 37. P. 

 scalaris (Parr.) Essm., WESTERLUND, Fauna, iii, 1887, p. 105. 

 Modicella scalaris Ben., WESTERLUND, Synopsis, 1897, p. 

 103, with var. albidocostata. Pupa scalarina Gundlach, Sow- 

 ERBY, Conch. Icon., xx, 1875, pi. 17, f . 153 ; not of Gundlach ! 

 ?P. occulta v. scalarisca PAETEL, Catal. der Conchylien- 

 Sammlung, 1873, p. 108 (name only). 



This peculiar little snail is distinguished by the scalariform 

 spire of extremely convex whorls separated by a deep, wide 

 sutural excavation ; also the coarse costation. It recalls Pineria 

 or Spiraxis mirabilis. 



The shell is typically light brownish, between honey-yellow 

 and isabella color, with lighter or whitish ribs ; but some lots 

 are darker, cinnamon-brown, the pale ribs therefore more con- 

 trasted (fig. 2). This form has been named var. albidocostata 

 West. : * * shell strongly, distantly ribbed, ribs whitish ; length 

 51/2, diam. 214 mm." 



Prof. Gwatkin placed this species among those having teeth 

 of the Chondrina megacheilos type ; yet as there are certainly 

 several mistakes in his lists, I leave scalaris in the same group 

 with rhodia until the difference is confirmed. 



The post-embryonic whorls are very strongly swollen in the 

 middle, contracted towards the sutures. The median ridge 

 often becomes lower on the last half of the last whorl, where a 

 spiral furrow runs below it. Sculpture of well-spaced oblique 

 ribs. The aperture is oblique, outer lip thin and scarcely ex- 

 panded, columellar margin dilated, as usual in the group. 

 There is a short but rather strong entering tooth-like lamella 

 on the columella, and a smaller one on the parietal wall ; both 

 are often so far immersed that they scarcely appear in a direct 

 front view (pi. 48, fig. 5) and this was apparently the case in 



