6 CHONDRINA. 



In 1836 he defined Chondrina briefly, mentioning one species, 

 H. avenacea, as an example of his subgenus. This becomes, 

 necessarily, the type of Chondrma. 



Cochlodonta Ferussac, Tableau Syst, 1821, pp. 28, 58, cov- 

 ered lengthened, toothed snails of many genera, including 

 various Pupillidae. As no type appears to have been selected, 

 Helix uva Fer. (Cerion uva L.) has been named as the geno- 

 type (Man. Conch., XXIV, p. 268). 



Modicella was also a composite group, proposed for tooth- 

 less Pupae, with the following species, the modern genera 

 being added in parentheses : 



conoidea Nc. (Bothriopupa) pacifica Pfr. (Pupoides) 



fallax Say (Ena, Pupoides) pallida Ph. (Chondrina) 



farinesii Desm. (Chondritia) putilla Shuttl. (Pupoides) 



freyeri Schm. (Zospeum) rupestris Phil. (Granopupa) 

 modica Gld. (Pupoides) 



No type has been selected, but Westerlund, Boettger and 

 some other authors have used Modicella for the groups of 

 avenacea, rupestris and their allies. Ct. Caziot has contended 

 that the name should be dropped. Pupa farinesii is selected 

 here as the type species. 



Chondrina is here limited to species known or believed to 

 have similar radulae. It contains many of the species grouped 

 in the genus Modicella by Westerlund (1897), but it differs 

 by the exclusion of the Rupestrellae ( Westerlund 's groups 5 

 to 8) and by the inclusion of the similis group, which Wester- 

 lund leaves with the Abidse. 



Westerlund has classified the species in eight groups desig- 

 nated by numbers. Commandant Caziot has offered a re- 

 arrangement into five groups (Ann. Soc. Linn, de Lyon, vol. 

 53, 1907, pp. 196-7), uniting Westerlund 's 3d and 4th groups, 

 and making two groups out of Westerlund 's 5th to 8th, with 

 also numerous transpositions of species. Most of these altera- 

 tions appear to be improvements. In the following year Caziot 

 and Margier outlined eleven groups to contain the Chon- 

 drinas and Rupestrellas, mentioning a few species under each 

 group. Connecting links are so numerous that any linear 



