174 EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 



Abastuman and Kasbek. Pupa (Vertigo) substriata var. 

 mitis BTTG., Jahrb. d. m. Ges. vii, 1880, p. 140, pi. 4, f. 7. 



Var. monas Westerlund. Very small, oval, very finely 

 striate, dark colored, whorls 4%, cervical callus yellowish- 

 red. Length !%-!%, diam. 1-1% mm. Sweden: Ronneby 

 and Mt. Mosseberg in prov. Westergotland. Wurtemberg at 

 Hohin Wittlingen (Westerlund). 



Var. sextana Gredler. The lower tooth on the columella 

 is wanting, the palatal teeth weaker, the crest and projection 

 around the umbilicus are scarcely indicated, the shell is 

 thicker and more opaque, browner, somewhat larger, also the 

 striation is less close (Gredler) . Tyrol : Sexten valley (Puster- 

 thal), under stones. 



Form viridana Lindholm. Shell pale greenish, the neck 

 encircled anteriorly with a whitish callus. Bobylsk, near 

 Lachta, northwest of Petrograd, at the extreme eastern end 

 of the gulf of Finland (Alaea substriata f. viridana Lindh., 

 Nachrbl. d. m. Ges. vol. 42, 1910, p. 35). 



Group of V. pygmaea. 



Similar to the V. antivertigo group, but with fewer teeth, 

 a single lamella on the parietal wall; the shell smoothish or 

 weakly striate. Europe and northern Africa, North America. 



Only V. pygnuea and V. moulinsiana can be considered 

 well known species, most of the others being known by the 

 original descriptions only. 



52. VERTIGO PYGMAEA (Drap.). PI. 17, figs. 15, 16, 17. 



Shell extremely small, oval-cylindric and obtuse at the 

 summit, of a more or less deep brown, smooth and little shin- 

 ing. Spire of 5 progressively increasing whorls. Aperture 

 scarcely longer than wide, and nearly round, furnished with 4 

 teeth, of which the superior is acute, two deeply placed in- 

 ferior, and finally one on the columellar margin. Often a 

 fifth is found in the base of the aperture. The lateral margin 

 is slightly angular in the middle. Peristome reflected be- 

 low. Umbilical crevice quite pronounced. Lives under the 

 hedges (Drap.). 





