EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 175 



Europe; Caucasus and Transcaucasia; Talysch region; 

 Asia Minor. Ponto Delgado, S. Miguel, Azores, probably 

 imported. 



Pupa pygmaea DRAPARNAUD, Tableau Moll. terr. et fluv. de 

 la France, 1801, p. 57 ; Hist. Nat. Moll. terr. et fluv. France, 

 p. 60, pi. 3, f. 30, 31. PPEIFFER, Monogr. Hel. Viv. ii, 362; 

 iii, 559; iv, 685; vi, 334; viii, 405 (see for older references). 

 KiisTER, Syst. Conch. Cab. p. 127, pi. 16, f. 31-34. GREDLER, 

 Tyrol's Land- und Siisswasser-Conchylien, Verh. Zool.-bot. 

 Vereins in Wien. vi, 1856, p. 126, with var. athesina and 

 sarena. WESTERLUND, Fauna, 1887, p. 137. WOLLASTON, 

 Testacea Atlantica, p. 47. Pupa pygmea and var. 5 dentata 

 HARTMANN, Neue Alpina i, 1821, p. 219. 



Vertigo (Ala-ea) pygmaea (Drap.) BOETTGER,- Jahrb. Nassau. 

 Ver. Nat., 1889, p. 305 (Pleistocene and recent distribution). 

 ROSSMAESSLER, Iconogr., pt. x, 1839, p. 29, fig. 648. 

 MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. France, ii, p. 405, pi. 28, f. 37-42 with 

 var. quadridentata. STEENBERG, Danmarks fauna, Land- 

 snegle, 1911, p. 161, f. 132, with forms quadridentata and 

 quinquedentata Studer, sexdentata and septemdentata, new 

 forms. GEYER, Unsere Land- und Siisswasser-Mollusken, 

 1909, p. 55, pi. 5, f. 26, 27; 6, f. 1. 



Vertigo similis FER., Tabl. Syst. p. 64. 



Vertigo 4 et 5 dentata STUDER, Kurzes Verzeichniss der bis 

 jetzt in unserm Vaterlande entdeckten Conchylien, Natur- 

 wissensch. Anzeiger der allg. Schweizerischen Gesell. f. d. 

 gesammten Naturwiss., May 1, 1820, p. 89 (based upon Pupa 

 pygmcea Drap., 3:30, 31). 



Helix Isthmia cylindrica GRAY, Lond. Medical Repository, 

 xv, 1821, p. 239, based upon Drap. pi. 3, f. 30, 31. Vertigo 

 vulgaris LEACH, in TURTON, Manual of land and fresh-water 

 shells of the Brit. Is., 1831, p. 103 (as synonym of V. pygmaea). 



A fuller description and American references may be found 

 on p. 96. I can see no difference between European and 

 American specimens. It is perhaps the most generally dis- 

 tributed Vertigo in Europe, from Portugal and the British 

 Isles eastward. 



Form similis Ferussac (Tabl. Syst. p. 64) had no definition 



