EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 181 



about twenty individuals huddled together, many of them 

 bearing young ones of two or three whorls on the backs of 

 their shells. Later on I took some handfuls of loose, dry 

 leaves that had got caught by the forking of the branches, 

 and found that each curled-up leaf contained several speci- 

 mens both adult and juvenile. In no case did I find one 

 among leaves that were wet or in a position to retain moisture. 

 Its constant companion in both these situations was Succinea 

 putris. ' ' 



Var. personata Moquin-Tandon is described as having the 

 shell a little longer; aperture with 2 columellar folds, the 

 peristome interrupted. Toulouse (Partiot). 



Var. ventrosa Heynemann. PL 17, figs. 5, 6. Shell sub- 

 perforate, very shortly ovate, smooth, glossy, chestnut- 

 fulvous; spire conic, rather obtuse. Whorls 4, somewhat 

 convex, the last slightly compressed at the base. Aperture 

 obliquely cordate, 6 or 5 toothed: 2 or 1 parietal teeth, 2 

 columellar, 2 palatal. Peristome a little expanded, the mar- 

 gins joined by a thin callus, right margin sinuous, impressed 

 outside above the middle. Length 2*4, diam. 1% mm., ap. 

 % mm. long. (Heynemann). 



On reeds of a pond near Frankfort a. M. 



Vertigo ventrosa HEYNEMANN, Malak. Blatter ix, 1862, p. 

 11, pi. 1, f. 6-8 (shell and teeth). Pupa ventrosa PFEIFFER, 

 Monogr. viii, p. 406. 



Distinguished by the presence of an angular lamella and a 

 basal fold; the former and often the latter being absent in 

 typical moulinsiana. 



Westerlund's var. octodentata (Fauna Europaea 1878, p. 

 195; Fauna Pal. Eeg. iii, 1887, p. 137) has 2-2-2 teeth, and 

 two little denticles in the angle between columella and basal 

 margin. Apparently an individual variation of ventrosa. 

 Correctly the formula would be 2-1-3, as the second colu- 

 mellar tooth is really the basal fold. 



530. V. moulinsiana kiisteriana (Westerlund). The shell 

 is most like P. moulinsiana in form and size, but is very dif- 

 ferent by the more ventricose shape, far blunter apex, the 

 peristome much more broadly reflected, more strongly bulg- 



