198 EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 



91, fig. 1531. DEAN and KENDALL, Journ. of Conch, xii, 1908, 

 p. 209 (distribution in England, and frequent association with 

 V. pusilla). 



Pupa alpestris Fer., PFR., Monogr. viii, 1877, p. 396. 

 MOUSSON, Journ. de Conch. 1887, p. 19 (Wladiwostock). 

 WESTERLUND, Fauna, iii, 1887, p. 132 ; Kongl. Sv. Vet. Akad. 

 Handlinger, xiv, no. 12, 1877, p. 44 (Jenissei, Siberia, 6 m. s. 

 of Podk. Tunguska, 61 N. lat. Lapland N. to Quickjock, 

 67-68 N. lat.). Pupa alpestris Alder, STEEKI, Nachrbl. d. 

 Malak. Ges. 1883, p. 73 (many localities in Switzerland), with 

 var. elongata. 



Pupa shuttleworthiana Charpentier MS., PFEIFFER, Zeitschr. 

 f. Malak. 1847, p. 148 (Bex, Switzerland) ; Monogr. Hel. Viv. 

 ii, 355; iii, 555; iv, 680; vi, 327. KUESTER, Conchyl. Cab., 

 Pupa, p. 128, pi. 16, f. 35-37. WALLENBERG, Malak. Blatter 

 v, 1858, p. 101, pi. 1, f. 5 (Quickjock, Lulea-Lapland). 

 SCHRENCK, Amurl. Moll., 1867, p. 657. GREDLER, Yerh. ZooL- 

 bot. Vereins Wien, 1856, p. 128; Nachrbl. d. m. Ges. 1879, 

 p. 112, with var. mitis (occurrence in the Tyrol). SCHRENK, 

 Reisen u. Forsch. im Amurlande ii, p. 657 (Krasnoyarsk, 

 around Irkutsk, Kultuk on L. Baikal, lower Amur above 

 Kidsi). Vertigo shuttleworthiana Charpentier, KOBELT, 

 Iconogr. (2), viii, p. 94, f. 1536. 



Pupa pygmaea var. alpestris MAACK, Bull. Acad. St. Pet. 

 xi, 1853, no. 263, 264. 



Pupa (Vertigo) parcedentata (in part) SANDBERGER, Verh. 

 Phys.-Med. Ges. Wiirzburg, n. F., xx, 1887, with varieties 

 quadridens, pi. 8, f . la-c ; tridens, f . 2 ; and adversidens, f . 3. 



The total absence of a crest or palatal callus and the some- 

 what straightened but not in-bent outer lip are characteristic. 

 Wallenberg found the Lapland specimens a little larger than 

 those of England, 2.2 x 1.2 mm. 



Var. mitis Westerlund. Aperture bidentate, one parietal 

 and one columellar tooth; or tridentate, one parietal, one 

 columellar and one lower palatal. Sweden. (Pupa alpestris 

 var. mitis Westerl., Fauna Europaea, fasc. 1, 1876, p. 197; 

 Pupa alpestris forma mitis, bidentata and tridentata, WESTER- 

 LUND, Fauna iii, 1887, p. 132). 



