EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 199 



It has been reported from Transylvania by Clessin, and has 

 been described as P. parcedentata var. tridens (see pi. 18, fig. 

 13) and perhaps var. adversidens (pi. 18, fig. 16) by Sand- 

 berger, who records these, together with var. quadridens 

 (pi. 18, fig. 14, = typical alpestris) from the Rhine valley loess. 



It may be presumed that Westerlund did not intend the 

 terms bidentata and tridentata as names, but merely descrip- 

 tive of the forms he included under var. mitis. 



Var. elongata Sterki. A few examples of a beautiful, large, 

 cylindric form, of brownish color, rather smooth, from Trous 

 (Canton Graubiinden) [Switzerland] are in the Mousson col- 

 lection, collected by Blauner, and labelled pygmaea (Sterki, 

 Nachrbl. d. Malak. Ges. 1883, p. 73). 



The identity of Pupa shuttleivorthiana (pi. 18, fig. 3, copied 

 from Steenberg) with V. alpestris has been affirmed by 

 Jeffreys (British Conchology, p. 261) and by Boettger 

 (Nachrbl. d. Malak. Ges. 1882, p. 19), who declared them 

 absolutely identical. Kobelt, in the Iconvgraphie, remarks 

 that "in the local faunas this species has frequently been 

 misunderstood ; it is hardly anything other than a four-toothed 

 race of V. alpestris.'" He states that the original locality is 

 Bex, Switzerland, and it has also been reported from Belte- 

 berga, Sweden, by Westerlund. 



74&. Vertigo alpestris heldi (Clessin). PL 18, fig. 4. 



Shell rimate, turrited, irregularly and very finely striate, 

 of reddish-brown color, glossy. Whorls 6, slowly increasing, 

 rather convex ; the first 3 form a blunt summit which is about 

 % the length of the shell; the last 3 are of nearly equal 

 height and form the remaining cylindric part of the shell. 

 The last whorl is neither calloused nor contracted preceding 

 the aperture Aperture about 14 the length of shell, arcuately 

 convex, somewhat impressed on the outer side, the impression 

 running as a groove-like depression for a short distance on the 

 last whorl. Toothed, the teeth reddish, very weak and placed 

 deep in the throat ; 1 tooth on the middle of the parietal wall, 

 1 on the columella, 2 very weakly developed, frequently want- 

 ing, on the palatal wall. Peristome continuous, somewhat 



