EUROPEAN SPECIES OF VERTIGO. 209 



y. alpestris (Alder). He states farther that he knows of no 

 form of parcedentata-genesii having more than two teeth, none 

 having a columellar or an upper palatal. Sandberger's varie- 

 ties quadridens, tridens and adversidens would therefore be 

 forms of alpestris. Boettger further remarks that recent 

 forms of V. alpestris (Aid.) with only one palatal fold, or 

 without them, are not rare, and have been described by 

 Westerlund as var. tridentata and bidentata. Cf. notes under 

 alpestris var. mitis West. 



See also Geyer's notes under V. genesii, from which it ap- 

 pears that the living form may be either toothed or toothless. 

 At present the distinctions, if any, between genesii and parce- 

 dentata remain to be formulated. The present usage appears 

 to be this: the recent specimens are called genesii and the 

 fossil (Pleistocene or Holocene) are called parcedentata. 



Group of V. otostoma. 



Sinistral species with few, small teeth, arranged 1-1-1 or 

 1-1-0. 



79. VERTIGO OTOSTOMA Westerlund. 



Shell [sinistral], cylindric, finely striate, yellowish-brown, 

 glossy. Whorls 6y 2 to 7, slowly increasing, convex, the two 

 penult nearly equal, the last much higher, having two pale 

 longitudinal furrows anteriorly. Aperture small, ear-shaped, 

 with only 2 low white folds and 1 very small tooth in the 

 lower part of the palate. Peristome very oblique, margins 

 connected, the outer margin long, angularly drawn forward 

 above the middle, not impressed, strongly arcuate above, pass- 

 ing into the weakly sigmoid columella in a short arc. Length 

 22/3, diam. 1% mm. (West.). 



Sweden : Tenhult, prov. Smaland. 



Pupa otostoma, WEST., Nova Acta R. Soc. Sci. Upsal. (3) 

 viii, 1871, p. 100; Fauna iii, 1887, p. 142. PFR., Monogr. 

 viii, 410. 



The special locality of this "ganz eigenthumlich und hochst 

 merkwiirdig" shell is Augustenborg, a high hill opposite the 

 road to the estate of Tenhult, iy 2 Swedish miles from the town 



