278 HAWAIIAN NESOPUPAE. 



HAWAIIAN NESOPUPILLID GROUPS. 



By C. Montague Cooke and H. A. Pilsbry. 



The Hawaiian species of this genus cannot readily be classi- 

 fied with those of other regions. The characters elsewhere 

 used for defining groups do not apply. They appear to have 

 had an independent evolution. A pitted surface, so commonly 

 seen in other islands, is not found here. There has been 

 mature adaptive radiation; besides the terrestrial forms there 

 are many living on the bark of trees, others on foliage ; some 

 in relatively dry, others in very humid habitats. 



In arboreal, and especially in folicolous species there is a 

 tendency towards degeneration of the teeth, which culminates 

 in the species referred to Pronesopupa, which may be geneti- 

 cally related to the Limbatipupae. This tendency may be 

 traceable to the absence or rarity of predaceous insects, which 

 are probably much more numerous on the ground than on 

 bark and foliage. 



The authors have seen all of the Hawaiian Nesopupae and 

 Pronesopupae except "Vertigo" bacca Pease. The types of 

 the species of Ancey and of Cooke & Pilsbry are in the Bishop 

 Museum, paratypes or topotypes of all but JV. alloia and 

 N. forbesi are in the museum of the Academy. 



Section NesopupiUa P. & C., new section. 



While closely related to the typical Nesopupae by the form 

 of the angular and columellar lamellae, these shells differ in 

 sculpture and by the sulci of the last whorl. 



They are minute shells with nearly smooth, minutely granu- 

 lose embryonic whorls, the third, fourth and last whorls costu- 

 late (except in E. Maui and Hawaii specimens of N. baldwmi) ; 

 costae without membranous edges, rather closely and evenly 

 spaced. There are two nearly parallel sulci on the back of 

 the last whorl, separated by a rounded ridge. The angular 

 lamella is long, slightly sinuous, extending to the margin of 

 the aperture ; palatal folds long, the upper emerging nearly to 

 the margin ; columellar lamella rather short, ending abruptly 

 in a swelling, its inner termination deflected downwards, al- 



