310 HAWAIIAN NESOPUPAE. 



Hawaiian Islands (Pfeiffer) ; Hawaii (Boettger, Pease), 

 Waipio Valley (Thaanum). Lanai, Maunalei Gulch (Forbes) ; 

 Mahana, Kaihalena (Spalding). Molokai, Mapulehu, (Thaa- 

 num and Cooke) ; Puulua and Kalihi (Cooke). Oahu, Palolo, 

 Tantalus, Makiki (Cooke), Waialaeiki (Bridwell), Pauoa 

 (Gouveia). 



The above is the distribution of the typical form as known 

 at present. More or less distinct races of this species have 

 been taken on all the main islands except Niihau. 



f Pupa newcombi PPR., Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1852 

 (1854), p. 69; Monographia Heliceorum Viventium, hi, 1853, 

 p. 530. 



Pupa newcombi PFR., Monographia Heliceorum Viventium, 

 iv, 1859, p. 682. KUESTER, Conchyl. Cab., Pupa, 1859, p. 172, 

 pi. 20, f. 23, 24. BOETTGER, in von Martens, Conchologische 

 Mittheilungen, i, 1881, p. 56, pi. 11, f. 12; pi. 12, f. 13. 

 ANCEY, Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, v, 1892, 

 p. 709. Nesopupa newcombi PILSBRY, Proc. A. N. S. Phila., 

 1900, p. 433. 



Vertigo costulosa PEASE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1871, p. 

 462. Pupa costulosa PPR., Monographia Heliceorum Viven- 

 tium, viii, p. 408. ANCEY, Mem. de la Soc. Zool. de France, 

 v, 1892, p. 711. 



This is one of the most variable species of shells found on 

 the Hawaiian Islands. The typical form, with five lamellae in 

 the aperture, appears to be rather uncommon. Specimens with 

 from 6 to 10 lamellae and folds are found on nearly all the 

 islands of the group. In some cases these races are found in 

 nearly pure colonies, in others individuals representing two or 

 more races are found in a single colony. 



Nearly 350 specimens from 33 colonies were closely examined 

 and among them 40 different lamella-formulae were noted. 

 The presence and form of almost all the lamellae seem to be 

 variable characters except in a very few races. The only 

 teeth found in all the specimens were the columellar, lower 

 and upper palatal. In one (probably pathological) specimen 

 the parietal and angular lamellae were absent, and in another 

 the parietal lamella was lacking. Except for extremely rare 



