180 PUPILLA, EUROPE. 



serted above the middle of the penult whorl. Columellar 

 margin somewhat extended. Length 3%, diam. 1% mm. or 

 smaller (Westerlund) . 



Siberia: Jenissei, 69 15' N. Lat.; Pupkowskij, 64 42'. 

 Norway: Lofoten Is. Sweden, Iceland, Turkestan, along the 

 Kisilart river, in the alpine meadows. 



Pupa muscorum var. lundstromi WESTERLUND, Nachr. D. 

 Malak. Ges., viii, 1876, p. 98 ; Siberians Moll., in Kongl. Sv. 

 Vet. Akad. Handl., xiv, no. 12, 1876, p. 41 ; Ann. Mus. Zool. 

 Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., iii, 1898, p. 181. Pupa lund- 

 stromi WEST., Fauna, iii, 1887, p. 122. 



The extended and strongly ascending last whorl, and ab- 

 sence of a white callus behind the lip differentiate this from 

 muscorum, of which it is doubtless a subspecies. Yon Mar- 

 tens has erroneously placed it as a synonym of P. signata. 



P. MUSCORUM INOPS (Reinh.). PL 20, figs. 12, 13. The 

 palatal folds are entirely lacking, and the teeth of the parietal 

 wall and columella are much more weakly developed [than in 

 P. triplicata] , becoming thereby similar to P. muscorum, from 

 which it is separated by the smaller size, the delicate struc- 

 ture of the shell as well as by the tooth on the columella 

 (Reinh.). 



Transcaucasus : Borschom, type loc. ; Mamudly; on the 

 Kasbek. 



[Pupa triplicata] var. mops EEINHARDT, Jahrb. D. Malak. 

 Ges., iv, 1877, p. 79, pi. 3, f. 3. Pupa, muscorum var. cau- 

 casica BOETTGER, Jahrb., vi, 1879, p. 399 ; vii, p. 136. P. tri- 

 plicata var. cylindrata BOETTGER, Jahrb., vii, 1879, p. 26. 



Var. cylindrata was thus defined: It is somewhat larger 

 than the middle European form of P. triplicata, has a length 

 of 3 mm., breadth 1% mm., with 6-7 whorls, and is distin- 

 guished by the entire lack of all teeth, even usually the colu- 

 mellar tooth. Mamudly. Boettger subsequently recognized 

 its identity with inops and caucasica. 



Westerlund agrees with Eeinhardt in placing this form as 

 a variety under triplicata, while Boettger subordinates it to 

 muscorum. I have not seen it. 



