186 PUPILLA, EUROPE. 



dish brown, translucent. 6-7 convex, very slowly increasing 

 whorls separated by a deep suture, the last somewhat com- 

 pressed below, with arched neck, rapidly ascending in front, 

 broadly contracted behind the peristome and encircled with a 

 sharp, whitish crest. Aperture roundish, relatively small, 

 yellowish flesh-colored, lipped within, generally 3-toothed, 

 with one tooth on the parietal wall, a strong one on the colu- 

 inella and one in the palate; the latter sometimes consists of 

 two tubercles, showing through outside, connected by a whit- 

 ish lamella. Frequently it is wanting entirely ; also the colu- 

 mellar tooth often is lacking, and even the parietal. The 

 peristome is nearly unexpanded, sharp, the outer margin 

 rounded. Length 3, diam. 1.5 mm. (Kobelt). 



Near and in the Bavarian and Tyrolese Alps, Wiirttemberg ; 

 Piedmont, Switzerland; according to Westerlund also in the 

 Tatra, in Galizia; a variety in Transcaspia and northwestern 

 China. 



Pupa cupa JAN, Mantissa, 1820, p. 3. PFB., Mon. Hel. Viv., 

 ii, p. 327. KUESTER, Syst. Conchyl. Cab., Pupa, p. 122, pi. 

 16, f . 6-8. CLESSIN, Fauna Oesterreich-Ungarns, p. 257, f. 

 158. KOBELT, in Rm., Iconographie Land u. Siisswasser. Moll. 

 (2), viii, 1889, p. 80, pi. 233, f. 1506, 1509. 



Pupa sterrii VON VOITH in Fuernrohr's Naturhist. u. Topo- 

 graphie von Regensburg, 1838, p. 409 (Abach near Regens- 

 burg). PFR., Monogr., ii, p. 313. CLESSIN, Excursions moll. 

 (2), p. 246, f. 141. BOETTGER, Nachrbl. D. Mai. Ges., 1884, 

 p. 48. WESTERLUND, Fauna, 1887, iii, p. 122. KOLASIUS, 

 Nachrbl. D. M. Ges., 49, 1917, p. 37 (distribution in Ger- 

 many). CLESSIN, Berichte Naturwiss. Vereines Regensburg, 

 xiii, 1911-12, p. 82 (1912; reprint of orig. descr. of P. sterri). 

 Pupa (PupiLla) sterri v. Voith, GEYER, Jabresh. Ver. vaterl. 

 naturkunde Wiirttemberg, Ixiii, 1907, p. 422 (habits and dist. 

 in Germany). Pupa steerii KUESTER, Syst. Conch. Cab., 

 Pupa, p. 14, pi. 2, f. 5, 6. Pupa aridula Held, KUESTER, t. c., 

 p. 14, pi. 2, f. 8-10 (Bavaria: auf Anhohen an trocknen 

 Felsen bei Eichstadt, Regensburg, sparlich auch unweit Miin- 

 chen: Held). PFR., Monogr., ii, 312. 



From its two nearest relatives, P. muscorum and P. tripli- 



