190 PUPILLA, EUROPE. 



Naturwissenschaften, May 1820, p. 89 (Bexvieux, also around 

 Bern). CHARPENTIER, Cat. Moll. Suisse, Nouv. Mem. Soc. 

 Helvet. des Sci. Nat., i, 1837, p. 16, pi. 2, f. 6. Kuester, Syst. 

 Conch. Cab., Pupa, p. 15, pi. 2, f . 11, 12. MOQUIN-TANDON, 

 Moll. France, ii, p. 395, pi. 28, f . 16-19. PFR., Monogr., ii, 

 354; iv, 678. WESTERLUND, Fauna Europaaa Moll, extramar. 

 Prodromus, ii, 1878, p. 183, with var. edentata, unidentata f 

 bidentata, tridentata; Fauna, 1887, p. 123. BOURGUIGNAT, 

 MoU. Gr. Chartreuse, 1864, pi. 8, f . 9-12. Pupa (Pupilla) 

 triplicata Stud., BOETTGER, Jahrb. D. Malak. Ges., vi, 1879, 

 pp. 26, 400 (Caucasus localities and forms). KOBELT, Eoss- 

 maessler's Iconographie (2), viii, p. 78, pi. 233, f. 1504, right 

 and left figs. 



Pupa tridentaUs MICHAUD, Complement de 1'hist. nat. moll, 

 terr. et fluv. France de Drap., 1831, p. 61, pi. 15, f. 28-30. 



P. triplicata is smaller than P. muscorum, with the parietal 

 and palatal teeth longer, the lip-rib further within, and usu- 

 ally having a well-developed columellar tooth. 



Westerlund divided it into 4 varieties: "1, edentata; 2, 

 unidentata, on the parietal wall ; 3, bidentata, on parietal and 

 palatal walls; 4, tridentata." He afterwards abandoned 

 these varieties; the names of the first three are preoccupied, 

 and no localities were assigned for any of them. 



Several forms have been described in which the columellar 

 tooth is lacking (striatissa, esinensis, bibaca) ; and in luxuri- 

 ans there is an additional tooth, the upper palatal. These are 

 forms of the eastern Alps and Caucasus. Elsewhere there is 

 variation in length of the shell, but less in the teeth. 



Mut. tardy ana 'Bgt.' Locard. Ovoid-conic, short and stout; 

 6 quite convex whorls, the suture quite deep ; umbilicus quite 

 open; aperture relatively quite large, well rounded, oblique; 

 3 folds disposed as in triplicata but stronger; shell reddish- 

 fawn, ornamented with very delicate striae. Alt. 2 1/2, diam. 

 1% mm. Very rare; environs of Salins (Jura). (Pupilla 

 tardy ana Brgt. in coll., LOCARD, Ann. d'Agricult. Lyon, (7), 

 iii, p. 218 ; Conchyl. Fr., 1894, p. 330.) Probably mere stunted 

 individuals. The name has also appeared as Pupilla tardiana 

 (B.) Loc., in Westerlund, Synopsis, 1897, p. 109. 



Var. pyrenaica West. Shell small, oval-cylindric ; whorls 



