PUPILLA, EUROPE. 191 



5-5!/2, narrow, convex, the last convex at the sharp cervical 

 callus, the neck not depressed or sulcate below ; base rounded ; 

 aperture with a single very obsolete denticle outwardly in 

 the middle of the palate below the lip. Length 2%, diam. l 1 /^ 

 mm. Pyrenees Orientales (Pupilla triplicata var. pyrenaica 

 Westerlund, Synopsis, 1897, p. 108). 



Var. monodon Bielz. This form is removed from P. tripli- 

 cata a step further than P. bigranata Rossm., as in it only 

 the tooth on the parietal wall remains, and therefore stands 

 between the latter and P. dilucida Zgl. On the limestone 

 cliffs of Kecskeko at Krakko. (Pupa triplicata var. monodon 

 Bielz, Verh. u. Mittheil Siebenb. Ver. Naturwiss. Hermann- 

 stadt, iv, June, 1853, p. 119.) 



Kimakowitz (Verh. u. Mittheil. Siebenbiirg. Ver. Natur- 

 wiss. Hermannstadt, xl, 1890, p. 108) is in doubt whether this 

 belongs to P. triplicata or P. cupa, as its locality lies within 

 the range of both. As the name was previously used by Held, 

 the identity of Bielz 's form is of only academic interest. 



P. triplicata esinensis (Pini). Differs from the type by 

 having the columellar tooth obliterated and the palatal fold 

 long. Monte S. Defendente near Esino, Lombardy (Pupa 

 triplicata Stud. var. esinensis Pini, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 

 xxvii, 1884, p. 380). 



P. triplicata striatissa (Gredler). With the slender shape 

 and dentition of bigranata, and like that, without the impres- 

 sion corresponding to the long palatal fold, darker colored 

 and much more distinctly striate. Tschaffon Mountain, not 

 far from Botzen, Tyrol, at 4800 ft., in company with P. tripli- 

 cata on grassy limestone rocks (Gredler, Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. 

 in Wien, vi, 1856, p. 111). Gredler adds that there are also 

 transitions to the typical form, in which one or another of the 

 teeth is incompletely developed; especially the columellar 

 tooth may be only a callus, or so deep that it can be seen only 

 in an oblique view; the last being found in Eisacktal and 

 Etschtal. 



P. triplicata bibaca Kim. More ovate, usually more solid, 

 darker colored, with the columellar tooth constantly wanting. 

 This is the form of the plains and hill country, which lives 

 not only on limestone but also on mortar. In Transsylvania 



