206 PUPILLA, AFRICA. 



forms of central Europe (P. quadrigranata, etc.), and are 

 doubtless descendants of, or of common ancestry with, that 

 stock. In apical sculpture and teeth they resemble the P. 

 signata series of central Asia and the Australian species, all 

 being in about the same stage of tooth-evolution. Parietal, 

 columellar and sometimes angular lamellae are present, and 

 two palatal folds, or the upper palatal may be lost. 



A stock of very similar but variable Pupillae appears to 

 have overrun Africa, from Abyssinia and the Cape Verdes to 

 the Cape ; but it has not been recorded from any part of the 

 fully tropical area, and the three herds may prove to be quite 

 isolated at present. 



30. PUPILLA FONTANA GORGONICA (Dohrn). PL 23, figs. 11, 12. 



Shell rimate, cylindric-oblong, somewhat shining, striatu- 

 late, brownish or yellowish corneous. Spire tapering above, 

 obtuse. Whorls 6, a little convex, the last compressed basally, 

 ascending in front, transversely pitted at base behind the 

 aperture. Aperture subvertical, ovate, narrowed by four 

 deeply placed folds: a compressed parietal, a transverse 

 columellar, two palatals, that nearer the base forming an ex- 

 ternal pit, the upper one shorter. Peristome flesh-colored, ex- 

 panded, the right margin nearly simple, sinuous. Length 3, 

 diam. l ] /2, diam. aperture % mm. (Dohrn). 



Cape Verde Islands: S. Nicolao, type loc. ; S. Antao, S. 

 Vicente, Brava, Fogo, S. Jago for var. minor; S. Antao and 

 S. Vicente for var. brevior. 



Pupa gorgonica DOHRN, Malak. Bl., xvi, 1869, p. 12, with 

 varieties 2, minor and 3, brevior. PFR., Monogr., viii, 1877, 

 p. 397. MORELET, Journ. de Conch., xiii, 1873, p. 242. WOL- 

 LASTON, Testacea Atlantica, 1878, p. 516, with var. a, su'b- 

 alutacea. 



Close behind the lip there is a narrow but rather strong 

 crest followed by a narrow constriction, and preceded by an 

 external furrow over the lower-palatal fold, as noted by 

 Dohrn. The peristome is well thickened within, the callus 

 excised at the sinulus. The parietal lamella is rather long, 

 entering perhaps a third of a whorl. Lower-palatal fold 



