PUPILLA, AFRICA. 211 



In Natal (Burnup coll.), at Edendale Falls and Tongaat 

 Beach the shells resemble those from the Transvaal. 



In the Cape Province, Farquhar and others have collected 

 abundantly about Cradock. The race endoplax M. & P. is a 

 rather long shell with strong teeth, the lower palatal fold 

 especially long, the upper shorter though often somewhat 

 lengthened (pi. 16, fig. 23, type fig. of endoplax, and fig. 22). 

 With these there are also shorter shells with both palatal folds 

 tubercular (fig. 21), and a few specimens of more or less in- 

 termediate character. The same forms are found at Grahams- 

 town, but here the palatal folds of endoplax are less strongly 

 developed. 



At Port Elizabeth there are long shells with the lower 

 palatal fold long (pi. 16, figs. 6, 7), called charybdica M. & P., 

 practically identical with endoplax; also shorter shells with 

 the same armature, and others with the palatals tubercular or 

 but slightly elongate. The mutation elizabethen-sis M. & P. 

 (pi. 16, fig. 5) is an albino form, occurring in abundance, of 

 the medium size. It has the beautiful white or greenish-white 

 tint everywhere common to albino mutations of PupaB. In 

 one of the lots it was sent with brown shells; whether they 

 were associated in life I do not know. All of these varying 

 sizes and colors of the Port Elizabeth race have strong teeth. 



Length 3.75, diam. 1.75 mm. ; 7 whorls. 



Length 2.6, diam. 1.55 mm. ; 5% whorls. 



Length 2.5, diam. 1.65 mm. ; 5% whorls. 



Length 3.3, diam. 1.7 mm. ; 6% whorls ; albino. 



Length 2.9, diam. 1.57 mm.; 6% whorls; albino. 



Though the Port Elizabeth shells vary widely in shape, the 

 extremes are well connected, and appear to me certainly all 

 of one race, characterized by the more or less elongate lower 

 palatal fold. 



The numerous forms described by Melvill and Ponsonby 

 came from the Cape Colony around Port Elizabeth (amphi- 

 don, frustttlum, elizabethensis, charibdica), and from Cradock, 

 about 130 miles north (endoplax), and from the Transvaal 

 around Pretoria (custodita, ker&a, omicronaria) . These auth- 

 ors worked under the handicap of an incompetent artist; 



