54'^ 



PHANEROGAMS. 



sometimes ; as e.g. in IMusa (in 31. rubra the angle is, according to Braun, V? i^^ 

 the foliage-leaves, Vn i^^ the bracts), and Costus (where the angle of the foliage- 

 leaves is from V'4 to ^4) &c. The axillary shoots of Monocotyledons mostly begin 

 with a leaf in close contact with the primary axis and with its back turned towards 

 it, and usually bicarinate. Of this character must be considered, for instance, the 

 upper pale of the flower of Grasses, which is itself an axillary shoot of the lower 



Fig. 392. — Crocus ■vermes: A the bulbous stem seen from above, B seen from below, C from the side and cut 

 throujjh lengthwise ; fff the circular line of scars of the cataphyllary leaves, k k the corms which t,frow in their axils ; 

 b the base of the decayed flower- and leaf-stem, by its side (lik in Q next year's bud, from which a new corm and 

 flower-stem will be produced; D longitudinal section through this bud, n « its cataphyllary leaves, // foliage-leaves, 

 h bract, / perianth, a anthers, k a bud in the axil of a foliage-leaf. 



pale. When the phyllotaxis of successive orders of shoots is alternate in two rows, 

 the result of this arrangement is that a whole system of shoots is bilateral, or may 

 be divided by a plane which bisects the leaves (as in Potamogeton, Typha, &c.). 



The mode of insertion of the cataphyllary and foliage-leaves, and very 

 often that of the hypsophyllary leaves (as for instance that of the spathe which 

 is of common occurrence) is generally entirely or for the greater part amplexicaul, 



Fig. 393.— Bud in the inside of a bulb of Allium Cepa, the scales having been removed, st the short flat base of the 

 stem on which the bulb-scales are inserted ; I'm A B lamina, sh the sheath of the foliage-leaves still short ; in B the outer 

 leaves have been removed, and an axillary bud k" has made its appearance in addition to the terminal bud k' . 



and the lower part of the leaf is in consequence sheathing ; and this is evidently 

 connected with the want of stipules, which are so frequent among Dicotyledons. 

 The cataphyllary and many of the h}-psoph3'llary leaves are usually reduced to 

 this sheathing part, which generally passes immediately into the green lamina 

 in the case of the foliage- leaves ; but in Scitaminece, Palmacece, Aroideae, and 



