MONOCOTYLEDONS. ' j-j-c; 



Families: i. Typhacese. ^ 



2. Cyperaceae. 



3. Gramineap. 



Order 6. Enantioblastae. Flowers in crowded (4) cymose inflorescences 

 inconspicuous (i, 2), or conspicuous (3, 4), pentacyclic, and usually trimerous (in 

 (i, 2) often dimerous); perianth-whorls glumaceous in (i, 2), developed into calyx 

 and corolla in (3,4); fruit a superior bi- or trilocular capsule with loculicidal 

 dehiscence ; ovule orthotropous, and the embryo (^Xc'kttt]) therefore opposite (iuau- 

 Ti'of) the base of the seed. Plants with grass-like (1-3), or succulent habit (4). 



Families: i. Restiaceae. 



2. Eriocauloneae. ^ 



3. XyrideiF. 



4. Commclynacea?. 



SERIES III.— COROLLIFLOR^. 



Both the perianth-whorls conspicuous, usually large and petaloid; the two stamina! 

 whorls completely developed or partially wanting by abortion, and then replaced by 

 staminodes ; one carpellary whorl ; the five whorls, with few exceptions, trimerous. 



Order 7. LiliiflorfB. Inflorescence very various, racemose or cymose ; the 

 large flowers sometimes single. Flowers pentacyclic and trimerous, except a few 

 cases where they are dimerous, tetramerous, or even pentamerous ; in (3) the 

 inner staminal whorl is wanting ; perianth -whorls similar, in (i) inconspicuous 

 and membranous, but usually petaloid (2, 3, 5-8) and often large; sometimes all 

 the six leaves are coherent into a tube (6 and elsewhere), often with epipetalous 

 and episepalous stamens; ovary superior in (i, 2), inferior in the other families, 

 usually forming a trilocular capsule or berry ; embryo surrounded by endosperm. 

 Plants of very various habit ; with strong woody stems increasing in thickness in 

 Alo-', Yucca, and Dracaena (2) ; more often with underground rhizomes, corms, or 

 bulbs, from which spring leafy annual shoots; leaves mostly long and narrow, in (4) 

 with a broad lamina and slender stalk. 



Order 8. Ananasinese. Flowers consisting of the typical five trimerous whorls; 

 outer perianth-whorl developed into calyx, inner one into corolla ; ovary trilocular 

 and many-seeded, superior or inferior; embryo by the side of the endosperm; 

 leaves long, often very narrow. 



Family: i. Bromeliaceai. 



Order 9. Scitaminese. Floral whorls trimerous and zygomorphic ; both 

 perianth-whorls or onlv the inner one (2, 3) petaloid; of the stamens the pos- 

 terior one of the inner whorl is abortive in (i), this alone being fertile m (2, 3) 

 (in 3 with only half an anther), while the rest are changed into petaloid staminodes 

 (see Figs. 397-399, p. 548); fruit inferior, trilocular, a berry or capsule; endosperm 



