-S PHANEROGAMS. 



I. JULIFLORvE. 



Flowers very small or inconspicuous, crowded in dense inflorescences— spikes, capi- 

 tula, or less often panicles— which are often of very peculiar form ; naked or with a 

 simple sepaloid perianth, and usually diclinous; the male and female flowers often 

 different. Leaves simple. 



A. Piper ineop. Flowers very small, in dense spikes subtended by bracts, without 

 a perianth. The small embryo lies, surrounded by the endosperm, in a hollow 

 of the copious perisperm. Herbs or shrubs, often with verticillate leaves. 



Families: i. Piperaceae, 



2. Saurureae, 



3. Chlorantheae. 



B. UrticinefP. Perianth simple, sepaloid, three- to five-partite, sometimes absent; 

 stamens superposed on the segments of the perianth ; flowers hermaphrodite or 

 diclinous, and then the male and female flowers different (3), usually in densely 

 crowded inflorescences, the female flowers in spikes, umbels, capitula (2) or some- 

 times panicles (3), not unfrequently developing into peculiar pseudocarps (as the 

 mulberry, fig, bread-fruit, and Dorstenia). Fruit usually unilocular, rarely bilocular; 

 ovules one or rarely two in each loculus ; seed usually with endosperm. Large 

 shrubs or trees ^ ; leaves stalked, usually stipulate. 



Families: i. Urticacege, 

 Urticese, 

 Moreae, 

 Artocarpeae, 



2. Platanaceae, 



3. CannabinecP, 



4. Ulmaceae (including Ccltideae). 



C. Amentiferce. Flowers diclinous, epigynous, in compact panicles (false spikes) ; 

 the female few-flowered inflorescence in (2) surrounded by a cupule. Fruit dry, 

 indehiscent, one-seeded ; seed without endosperm. Trees with deciduous stipules. 



Families: i. Betulaceae, 

 2. Cupuliferae. 



H. IMOXOCHLAMYDE/E. 



Flowers large and conspicuous and consisting of a simple more or less petaloid, 

 usually gamophyllous perianth, one or more staminal whorls, and a polycarpellary ovary ; 

 carpels equal in number or double the segments of the perianth. The number of mem- 

 bers of the whorls is derived from the typical numbers two, three, four, or five, and 

 generally increases inwards. Ovary generally inferior and surmounted by a short thick 

 columnar style, to which in the hermaphrodite flowers the stamens are usually partially 

 or entirely adherent. Flowers often diclinous. Seeds numerous. 



A. SerpentariecE. Creeping or climbing plants with slender stems and large 

 simple leaves; floral whorls dimerous and tetramerous(i) or trimerous and hex- 

 amerous; perianth-leaves free (i) or coherent into a tube; ovary of four or six 

 loculi ; embryo small but segmented. 



Families: i. Nepentheae, 



2. Aristolochiaceae, 



3. Asarineae. 



[The Urticece include a number of herbaceous genera. — En.] 



