MISCELLANEOUS. 1145 



became generals in the Revolution were Montgomery, who fell at 

 Quebec; Gates, the victor at Saratoga; Mercer, who was slain at 

 Princeton, and who, in the estimation of some, was second only to 

 Washington; Morgan, the hero of the "Cowpens;" Thomas, who 

 commanded in Canada after the fall of Montgomery; James Clinton, 

 the father of De Witt Clinton; Stark, the victor at Bennington; Spen- 

 cer, Israel and Rufus Putnam, Nixon, St. Clair, Gibson, Bull, Charles 

 Lee, and Durke. There were also Butler, the second in command at 

 Wyoming; and Campbell, a distinguished colonel; and Dyer, chief 

 justice of Connecticut ; Craik, director-general of the American hos- 

 pital, and the "old and intimate friend" of Washington; Jones, the 

 physician of Franklin; John Morgan, director-general and physician- 

 general of the army; and Hynde, the medical adviser of Wolfe, who 

 was with him when he fell, and accompanied Patrick Henry against 

 Lord Dunmore. 



It was in Nova Scotia and Canada, and on the Ohio, then at Port 

 Royal, Canseau, Louisbourg, Quebec, and in the wilds of Virginia 

 and in putting down French pretensions, that our fathers acquired the 

 skill and experience necessary for the successful assertion of their own. 



We pass to consider the terms of the treaty of 1763. In reply to 

 the propositions of the court of London, the French ministry, at the 

 commencement of the negotiations in 1761, consented to guaranty to 

 England the possession of Canada, provided England would restore 

 the island of Cape Breton, and confirm the right of French subjects 

 to take and cure fish in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, as well as on the 

 banks and in the island of Newfoundland. The fortifications of 

 Louisbourg, the court of Versailles, however, suggested should be 

 destroyed, and the harbor laid open for common use. These terms 

 seem to have been the ultimatum of France. 



In reply, the British ministry insisted upon the unconditional ces- 

 sion of Canada, with all its dependencies, and the cession of Cape 

 Breton and all other islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. They 

 replied, further, that the important privilege of fishing and curing 

 cod on the coast of Newfoundland, as provided in the treaty of 

 Utrecht, they had not designed to refuse, but merely to connect with 

 stipulations relative to Dunkirk; and that the island of St. Peter 

 would be ceded to France upon four indispensable conditions: first, 

 that the island should not be fortified, or troops be stationed upon it, 

 under any pretext whatever; second, that, denying the vessels of 

 other nations all rights even of shelter, France should use the island 

 and its harbor for her own fishermen alone; third, that the possession 

 of the island should not be deemed to extend in any manner the 

 stipulations of the treaty of Utrecht that is to say, "A loco Cap 

 Bonavista non cupato usque ad extremitatem ejusdem insulse septen- 

 trionalem, indique at latus occidentale recurrendo usque ad locum 

 Pointe Riche appellatum" [From the place called Cape Bonavista 

 to the northern extremity of the said island, and thence running 

 westerly to the place denominated Point Riche;] fourth, that an 

 English commissary should be allowed to reside at St. Peter, and the 

 commander of the British ships-of-war on the Newfoundland station 

 have liberty, from time to time, to visit the island, to see that these 

 four conditions be duly observed. 



With these propositions the French ministry were dissatisfied. 

 They desired rights of fishing in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, while, with 



