QUESTION ONE. 19 



servitude was extinguished by operation of law or by the act of the 

 parties. 



The analogy between the servitude of the Roman Law and that of 

 international law is so obvious as not to require discussion. From 

 the private law of Rome the doctrine of servitudes passed into Ger- 

 many, and was the immediate source of the so-called state servitudes, 

 so frequently met with in the relations of the German states under 

 the old Empire; and by means of the careful and learned treatises 

 of German writers as well as by the reasonableness of the institu- 

 tion, the doctrine has been firmly incorporated into the theory and 

 practice of modern international law. 



See the following references to International Law, in all of which the 

 doctrine of servitudes is recognized and treated with varying degrees of fullness 

 and detail: Bluntschli : Das A/odcrne Volkerrecht dcr tivilisirten Staten (1S6S, 

 French translation by Lardy, 5th ed., 1895), sees. 353-359, pp. 212-215; Bouflls: 

 Manuel de Droit International Public, 5th ed. edited by Fauchille, (1908), sees. 

 339-344, pp. 189-192; Calvo: Dictionnaire de Droit International (1885), Vol. 

 II, pp. 214-215; idem: Droit International, 5th ed. (1890), Vol. Ill, sec. 1583, pp. 

 356-357; Chretien: Principes de Droit International Public (1893), sees. 259- 

 263, pp. 268-273; Clauss: Die Lehre von den Staatsdienstbarkeiten (1894); 

 Creasy: First Platform of International Law (1876), sees. 256-261; Despagnet: 

 Cours de Droit International Public, 3d ed. (1905), sees. 190-192, pp. 204-207; 

 Diena : Principi di Diritto Internazionale (1908), pp. 125-129; Fiore: Diritto 

 Internationale Codiflcato, 4th ed. (1909), sees. 1095-1097, pp. 428-429; idem: 

 French translation by Chretien (1890), sees. 615-619; idem: Nouveau Droit In- 

 ternational Public (French translation by Antoine, 1885), Vol. I, sec. 380-381, pp. 

 336-338; Vol. II, sees. 829-830, pp. 116-118; Fabre: DCS Servitudes dans le 

 Droit International (1901); Gareis: Institutionen des Volkerrechts 2d ed. 

 (1901), sec. 71, pp. 205-206; Hall; International Law 5th ed. (1904), pp. 159- 

 160; Halleck: International Law (1861), ch. IV, sec. 20, pp. 92-93; Hartmann: 

 Intstitutionen des praktischen Volkerrecht (1874), sec. 62, pp. 179-181; Heffter: 

 fluropaisches Volkerrecht der Gegenwart (1844), French edition edited by 

 Geffcken (1883), sees. 43, 64, 67, pp. 104-108, 154, 158; Heilborn: System des 

 Volkerrechts (1896), pp. 30-34; Hollatz: Begriff und Wesen der Staatsservituten 

 (1908) ; Holtzendorff : Handbuch des Volkerrechts (1887), Vol. II, sec. 52, pp. 

 246-252; Kliiber Droit des Gens Moderne de VEurope (1819, cited from Ott's 

 2d ed., 1874), sees. 137-139, pp. 194-198; Lomonaco: Trattato di Diritto Inter- 

 nazionale Pubblico (1905), p. 248; G. F. de Martens: Precis du Droit des Gens 

 Moderne dc VEurope, edited by Vergg (1S64), Vol. I, sec. 115, pp. 313-315; F. de 

 Martens: Truite de Droit International (French translation by Leo, 1883), 

 Vol. I, sees. 93-95. pp. 479-491 ; Mrignhac : Traite de Droit International Public 

 (1907), Vol. II, pp. 360-370: Neumann: Grundriss des heutigen Europdischen 

 Volkerrechts, 3d ed. (18S5), sec. 13, pp. 31-33; Olivart: Tratado de Derecho In- 

 ternational Publico, 4th ed. (1903), sec. 53, pp. 368-372; H. B. Oppenheim: 

 System des Volkerrechts, 2d ed. (1866), sees. 9-10, pp. 140-145; L. Oppenheim: 

 International Law (1905), Vol. I, sees. 203-208, pp. 257-263; Phillimore: Inter- 

 national Law, 3d ed. (1879), Vol. I, sees. 277-283, pp. 388-392; Piedelievre: 

 Pre'cis de Droit International Public (1894), sec. 288, p. 259; Pradier-FodSre : 

 Trait^ de Droit International Public (1885), Vol. II, sees. 834-845, pp. 395-406; 

 Rivier : Lehrbuch des Volkerrechts, 2d ed., 1899, pp. 192-194 ; idem : Principes 

 du Droit des Gens, 1896, Vol. I, sec. 23, pp. 296-303 ; Taylor : International Pub- 

 lic Law (1901), sees. 217, 252, 346, pp. 263, 299-301, 369; Twiss: Law of Nations, 

 2d ed. (1884), Vol. I, sec. 245, pp. 423-424; Ullmann: Volkerrecht, 2d ed. 

 (1908), sees. 99-100, pp. 319-324; Vattel: Droit des Gens, 1758 (Chitty's English 

 translation, edited by Ingraham, 1852), Bk. II, ch. 7, sec. 89, p. 168; Westlake: 

 International Law (1904), Vol. I, pp. 60-62; Wharton: Commentaries on 

 American Law (1884), sees. 149-150, pp. 228-229; Wheaton: International Law 

 (Dana's ed., 1866), sec. 268; Wilson & Tucker: International Law, 5th ed. 

 (1909), pp. 123, 162-153. 



