PANNICULUS CARNOSUS. ^"^ 



anatomically either according to their attachments or to the 

 regions their fleshy portions chiefly cover. Although a nomen- 

 clature based upon the attachments of muscles is most valuable, 

 a descriptive classification so constructed would lead to confusion, 

 hence we group the muscles according to the regions they mamly 

 occupy, and divide them primarily into those covering each of 

 the following regions : — 



Subcutaneous region. 



Head. 



Trunk. 



Pectoral limb. 



Pelvic limb. 



We shall describe them in the above order, subdividing each 

 region as may be necessary. 



Muscles. 



subcutaneous region. 



panniculus carnosus. 



{Musculus Subcutaneus.) 



After carefully removing the skin and subcutaneous cellular 

 tissue, the first muscle which presents itself is one peculiar to 

 quadrupeds, the Panniculus carnosus. This muscle is spread 

 over the greater part of the body, and may be divided into facial, 

 cervical, thoracic, and abdominal portions, but as these are con- 

 tinuous with each other, we can conveniently describe the whole 

 as a single structure. The panniculus, as a whole, is aponeurotic 

 superiorly, becoming more and more fleshy as it descends. It is 

 firmly attached to the skin by connective tissue. 



The facial portion consists of an aponeurotic expansion, wMch 

 becomes muscular over the muscles situated below and before the 

 zygoma. Its fibres are arranged in a divergent manner, radiating 

 from the angle of the maxilla, and a portion is inserted to the 

 orbicular muscle of the mouth, forming the Retractor anguli oris 

 (Risorius Santorini). Posteriorly it unites with the cervical por- 

 tion, which is likewise chiefly aponeurotic, commencing in 

 front of the neck by a thin muscular band, it joins its 

 in fellow the median line by a fibrous raphe, and covers the 

 muscles of the inferior cervical region. Above it becomes 



