RUMINANTIA DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. 375 



The c-cecum is devoid of longitudinal bands, and terminally of transverse 

 furrows. Its blind extremity is blunt, rounded, and directed backwards, and it 

 floats free in the' abdomen. The other extremity, having received the insertion 

 of the ileum, is continuous with the colorij which likewise wants bands and 

 furrows. The colon soon becomes greatly constricted ; then, preserving about 

 the same diameter throughout, it is arranged in an irregularly elliptic coil 

 "between the folds of the mesentery. 



Thus there is no distinct separation between the great and floating colon as in 

 the horse. The total length of the large intestine in the ox, from the caecum to 

 the rectum, is about 36 feet, but its capacity is much less than it is in the 

 horse. Apart from the question of measurement, these remarks will apply to 

 ruminants generally. 



Accessory Organs op Digestion. 

 The liver of the ox, situated in the right hypochondriac region is very thick,. 



Fio. 135. 

 Posterior view of the liver of an Ox. a. Left lobe ; 6, Eight lobe ; c, Spigelian lobe : 

 d, Quadrate lobe ; e, Superior border ; c', Anterior fissure ; /, Inferior border ; /, Notch 

 for the umbilical vein ; g, GaU bladder ; hhh, Biliary tubes ; i, Cystic duct : k, Ductus 

 choledochus. 



and has two large lobes, right and left, with a Spigelian lobe, and a small,quad- 

 rate lobe situated supero-posteriorly. It is provided with a pear-shaped gall 

 bladder attached above, and lying upon its posterior surface. The gall bladder 

 is furnished with three coats, serous, muscular, and mucous, and it is con- 

 tinuous with the biliary ducts. The cystic duct extends from the gall bladder 

 almost to the transverse fissure, where it joins the ductus choledochus ; in the 

 ox the latter enters the duodenum singly, in advance of the pancreatic duct, 

 being guarded at it3 orifice by a valve-like doubling of the mucous membrane. 



