RUMINANTIA GENITAL SYSTEM. 375 



Hants the kidney is simple in form, resembling in a general sense that of tlie 

 iorse. 





Fia. 136. 

 Lobulated Kidney of an Ox. 



The bladder calls for little remark ; it is larger, and its peritoneal covering 

 extends further backwards than in the horse. 



GENITAL SYSTEM. 

 Male Organs. 



The testicle is ovoid and well developed, its long axis being nearly vertical ; 

 the mediastinum is very strong. The epididymis presents a well-marked 

 globus major ; the globus minor gives off inferiorly a free projection, which 

 doubles upon itself and leads to the vas deferens ; the bulbous portion of the 

 latter joins its fellow at the neck of the bladder, forming the common deferent 

 canal, which opens by two orifices into the urethra. The vesiculce semiiiales 

 eve large, lobulated, yellow in colour, and essentially glandular in structure ; 

 they have been termed the lateral prostates, and they discharge into the com- 

 mon deferent canal. The urethra gradually diminishes in calibre from its 

 origin ; its most prominent feature is that just before the pubis it describes 

 a double curve on itself, something like a letter S. The prostate gland is 

 small, but it extends posteriorly under Wilson's muscle ; Cowper's glands are 

 wanting, according to some authorities, while others, Leyh among the number, 

 describe them as being present, though small. 



The penis of the ruminant is long and thin, and projects far under the 

 abdomen. Like the urethra, it is bent upon itself, in the form of the letter 

 S, a little anterior to the bulb, the inferior curvature being forwards, the 

 superior backwards. About the level of these, the suspensory ligaments join 

 the penis, and extend to its extremity. The glans is small and attenuated, 

 the canal of the urethra ending in front in a narrow whip-like process of the 

 corpus spongiosum, which is covered by a rosy, papillated, and sensitive 

 integument. The sheath extends much farther forwards than in the horse, 

 and presents at its opening a number of long stiff hairs, the prepuce being 

 prolonged as an elastic sheath. It is furnished with four thin muscles — two 

 anterior and two posterior. The anterior are protractors, restoring the prepuce 

 to its normal position ; the posterior, or retractors, draw the sheath backwards 

 during the erection of the penis. During the erection, the curves in the penis 

 are effaced, but when quiescent, and drawn into the sheath by the retractor 

 muscles, the curvatures are re-formed. 



The urethra is completely enveloped by the fibrous sheath of the corpus 

 cavemosum ; the latter is little developed. 



