CIRCULATION OF THE FCETUS. 569 



CIRCULATION OF THE FCETUS. 



In the foetus there is a direct communication between the 

 right and left auricles, by the forairrven ovale in the interauricular 

 septum ; and in man the large Eustachian valve, situated at 

 the anterior border, of the posterior vena cava, at its entrance 

 into the auricle, directs the blood from the posterior vena cava. 

 through the foramen ovale into the left auricle; as we have 

 before remarked, thf? presence of this valve in quadrupeds is verj 

 doubtful. Another difference between the foetus and adult is 

 the presence of a communicating branch between the pulmonary 

 i artery and posterior aorta, called the ductus arteriosus. There 



FiO. 217. 

 Fce^a8 of the Litch, xrlth its membranea. o o, Uterine placenta ; b b. Foetal placenta ; e e, Chorion ; 

 d d, Amnion seen through former ; e e, Foetus visiblA through its coverings. 



are two large arteries, the umbilical or hypogastric, which ariis 

 from the internal iliacs, pass along the sides of the bladder to ius 

 fundus, and out of the umbilical opening, being continued alcng^^ 

 the umbilic&,l cord to the placenta ; in their course down the 

 cord they wind spirally round the umbilical vein Finally, the 

 umbilical vein leaves the placenta, passes up the cord, and enters 

 the umbilicus, running along the floor of the abdomen, to reach 

 the liver, where it joins the vena porta. We may now ; ro'^e^d 

 to trace the course of the foetal circulation. 



The purified blood leaves the placenta by the umbilical vsia» , 

 which is formed by the junction of numerous radical branches, a^j.1 

 passes along the umbilkal cord, accompanied by the two arteri:;.v 



