1 6 Domesday and Feudal Statistics 



between the villans and servi ; that the ancillas 



(most frequent in the W. Midlands) are regarded 



Other as female slaves ; that the burgesses as a class are 



ses< incompletely returned, that the censarii were a 



small class of free rent-paying tenants, and that the 



porcarii* and bovarii* may be considered both as 



servile herds, and free farmers of swine and oxen. 



Turning to the relationship to one another of 

 the figures in the Main Statistical Table, it is 



(pedigrees) in co. Herts (Earle's Land Charters), the coliberti 

 and buri being not (I believe) found in either place : Ellis 

 adds these 2 (latter) classes at 920, and references to 891 

 may be found in D. B. 38/7 and b, 39/7 and ^, 41*7, 44*7, 57^, 

 58/7, 64^, 65*7, 66a and b y 67/7 and b, 68/7, 71/7, 75/7, 77^, 86/7 

 and b, 87/7 and b, 90/7, 91/7, 96^, 101/7, 103^, 120/7, 149/7, 

 154/7, 163/7 and b, 164/7 and b, 165/7, 166/7, 174^, 179^, l8i<, 

 182/7 and b, 239^, 254/7, 260/7, in 86 entries only (and to 19 

 coliberts of 1065 on 38/2 and 163/7) ; of these 552 occur on 

 royal manors in 48 entries, 311 on church ones in 32, and but 

 28 on 6 lay estates. The A.S. Rectitudines (loth or nth 

 cent.) describe the gebur as on a thane's manor, and there 

 <jtb-uri as seems small room to doubt his correspondence with the villein 

 of D. B. (see note, pp. 147-9) ; the above shows that the coliberti 

 (tho* numerous) were not a widely spread class, and scarcely 

 to be found on lay estates. They seem to have as many or 

 more oxen than the villans [38/7, 163/7 (//V), 164^] ; on fo. 

 38^ six hold I Hide ; they sometimes pay rent or produce 

 [38/7 and b, 39/7, 165/7, 174^ (bis\ 179^ (bis)}, and on the 

 Estates of Westminster Abbey (174^), 6 coliberti sow 12 ac., 

 and render us. 2d., whereas 8 villans and 10 bordars sow 

 4 ac., and 10 vill., and 10 bord., 6 ac. ; altogether their 

 position as a class is of much uncertainty they do not occur 

 where Censarii are found, save in Dorset (Ellis). 



* The porcarii seem to have been the higher class and 

 sometimes pay a rent in pigs ; the bovarii often appear to 

 replace the serri on the demesnes of Cheshire and Salop 

 Manors, where they were presumably unfree ploughmen ; 

 a liber bovarius occurs on 183/7. 



villani. 



Porcarii 



and 



Bovarii. 



