159 Domesday and Feudal Statistics 



Ib. W. Chaffers* states to have been used by the 

 Saxons, and known as the Cologne pound ; whether 

 or not there was a qr. of wheat in England com- 

 posed as above prior to Hen. III. I may not pre- 

 tend to discern, but certain it is that /. Hen. II. 

 and John, a quasi-standard quarter existed which 

 was of \ (or less than -J) the dimensions of that 

 under notice. Two writers on agriculture (see 

 Walt, de Henley, ed. R. H. ., and the more 

 valuable anonymous Husbandry incorporated in 

 same vol.), both perhaps /. Hen. III. evidently use 

 the larger qr. [vide feeding rations and seed sown 

 in vol., ut sup.) ; and a like one occurs in the 

 Rules of Robert Grostete (who died /. Hen. III.) 

 as appears from the statement that 180 loaves 

 (white and brown together), each weighing 5 marcs 

 (25,600 grains), are made from a quarter of wheat 

 in his Household ; at this present an average qr. of 

 Wheat, Barley, and Oats may be taken at 500, 

 440, and 336 Ibs. (avoirdupois, 7000 wheat grains 

 each) respectively ; this modern pound presumed 

 to be somewhat heavier than the older one of 64 

 to the bushel. That the quarter fromf 7680 wheat 

 grains was not /. Hen. II. and John the quasi- 

 standard one appears from divers entries on the 

 Mi see Roll (14 John), as to the travels of the 

 King's cart horses, which are each allowed i bushel| 



* Hall Marks on Plate. 



t Id esf, 7680 x 64 x 8 wheat grains per qr. 



t It is, of course, not intended to convey that either 

 62 or 31 modern Ibs. of corn was consumed per horse; in 

 1261-1270, the larger qr. seems to have sold (for oats) at 

 2s.: there is no particular occasion to suppose an overstrained 

 morality either on the part of King John's grooms, or on that 

 of the servants of the hostels. 



