THEIR CONDITION IN 1066 135 



due from his thegnland for the supply of sixty shillingsworth 

 of provisions to the King. Again, at South Perrot (Dorset), 

 land that, T. R. E., was thegnland, in 1086 rendered 6os. 

 in the King's farm. 1 



Professor Vinogradoff 2 points out that the Latin version 

 of the Old English Laws employs mllamis to include both 

 the geneat and the gebur. And it is possible to adopt this 

 equation in those counties where no freemen or sokemen 

 are recorded ; nevertheless, it is permissible to urge that, 

 where the Commissioners saw a difference between the 

 sokeman and the villan, it lay along the lines here sug- 

 gested. He also considers that the distinction between the 

 villan and the sokeman on the one hand and the freeman 

 on the other, lay in their wergilds : the wergild of the 

 former classes was 200^., that of the latter class, 1200.?. To 

 the objection that many of the liberi homines held very small 

 areas of land, he replies by quoting the treaty between Alfred 

 and Guthrun, providing that all the Danish warriors should 

 be considered as 'and have the wergilds of thegns, i.e. I2OQJ. 

 And he thinks that many of these small liberi homines were 

 the descendants of Danish warriors, and that in the eastern 

 counties the Commissioners included the rent-paying tenants 

 in this class. 3 But as he admits that the difference between 

 the villan and the sokeman did not lie in their wergild, it is 

 not easy to see why the Commissioners should adopt a new 

 criterion to distinguish between the sokeman and the liber homo. 



We can now, therefore, complete our definition of a 

 pre-Dbmesday manor. We have seen (i) that a manor is 

 differentiated from a sokeland by the possession of demesne ; 

 (2) that where there is demesne there are also villans, bordars, 

 and slaves, or one or another of these classes ; (3) that the 

 villans represent the geburs, who were tenants of land on 

 condition that they worked two or three days a week for 

 their lord ; (4) that the bordars or cottagers worked one day 

 1 D. B., I. 88 a 2. 2 G. AT., 340. 3 Id., 342. 



