THE CASTLES 179 



" Castrum Harundel," a castle, the building of which tradition 

 attributes to Alfred the Great, and obviously erected to 

 prevent a foreign raider from penetrating into the interior 

 of Sussex by the River Arun. But Castrum Harundel is also 

 described as a borough. Examination shows that it was 

 garrisoned in the same way as Oxford. The neighbouring 

 landowners kept houses and burgesses in the borough, pre- 

 sumably to repair the walls when necessary ; but in this case 

 it would seem that the walls were those of the castle and not 

 those of the borough. 



There were many castles in Herefordshire. 



" Alfred of Marlborough holds the castle of Ewias from the King : 

 for the King granted to him the lands given to him by Earl William 

 (fitz Osbern), who rebuilt the castle ; that is, five carucates there and 

 other five at Manitone. The King also granted to him the land of 

 Ralph de Bernai which pertained to the castle." l 



But there are other entries relating to Ewias 



" In the castellary of Ewias, Roger holds of Henry of Ferrars 

 three churches and a priest, and 32 acres of land which render two 

 sextaries of honey. In the castle he has two masures." 2 



" In the castellary of Ewias Earl William gave to Walter of Lacy 

 four carucates of waste land. Roger of Lacy his son now holds 

 them. . . . The same Roger holds a land called Ewias in the 

 territory of Ewias, which does not pertain to the castellary nor to 

 the hundred." 3 



Here, then, we find certain lands having some connection 

 with the castle, and for that reason called the castellary. 

 And, moreover, one of the persons holding land in the 

 castellary is distinctly stated to have two houses in the 

 castle. Similarly, Osbern fitz Richard had twenty-three men 

 in the castle of Auretone, 4 and mention is made of the 

 castellaries of Auretone, Clifford, and Carleon. 



1 D. B., I. i86a i. 2 /</., I. 185 a 2. 



3 Id., I. 184 a i. 4 /</., I. 186 b 2. 



