180 THE DOMESDAY INQUEST 



In Shropshire "Earl Roger has built a castle called 

 Montgomery, to which adjoin 52^ hides of land j" 1 and in 

 Yorkshire Earl Alan had in his castellate 199 manors, and 

 43 manors besides his castellary. 2 



What, then, is the meaning of the term " castellary " ? It 

 is evidently the name given to an area of land which had 

 some peculiar connection with a castle ; and our recollection 

 of "burhbot," the universal obligation to repair the fortified 

 places, will suggest that the castellary was the district which 

 owed burhbot to a particular castle and was responsible for 

 the repair of its walls. And the mention of Roger's two 

 masures in the castle of Ewias, and of Osbern's twenty-three 

 men in the castle of Auretone, invites comparisons with the 

 mural mansions of Oxford, which were maintained by the 

 rural magnates in order that they should have burgesses on 

 the spot to repair the walls when need be. 



It is well known that in later years certain lands were 

 held by the custom of " castle guard : " this custom is at least 

 as old as Domesday Book, for there it is recorded that Ralph 

 Passaquam held Drayton (Bucks.) "and found two mailed 

 soldiers (loricatos) for the guard of Windsor." 3 



One point more should be noticed in connection with the 

 castles. There were small settlements of burgesses around 

 some of them. Burgesses are mentioned in connection with 

 the castles of Clifford, Okehampton, Penwortham, Rhuddlan, 

 and Wigmore, and at Tutbury there were " in the borough 

 about the castle 42 men living from their own merchandise 

 only." 4 Hence we see how settlers were attracted to places 

 where they could dwell in safety, and so may learn something 

 as to the origin of boroughs. 



1 D. B., I. 254 a i. * Id., I. 381 a 2. 



8 Id., 1. 151 b I. 4 Id., 1. 248 b I. 



