" p 



THE WELSHMEN 199 



Bardic, the King's juggler, has 3 vills, and in them are five 

 teams rendering nothing. 



" Morin has one vill, Chenesis i, the son of Waswic i, Sessibert i, 

 Abraham the priest 2 vills : these have six teams, and render 

 nothing." l 



" In the King's alms is one vill which for his soul renders to the 

 Church at Michaelmas, two pigs, and TOO loaves of bread with beer." 2 



But if to these ten vills we add the four wasted by King 

 Caradoch, we have another group of fourteen vills similar to 

 the groups mentioned above. 



It would here be out of place to enter into a description of 

 the Welsh tribal system, which differs entirely from the 

 system which was to be found to the east of the Wye. Suffice 

 it to say, that while the inhabitants of each trev united for 

 the common ploughing of their own land, there was no 

 demesne land in the trev to be cultivated by the common 

 plough. The threefold render of week-work, boon-work, and 

 gafol was unknown to the Welsh. The gwesta, or food 

 rent, was the sole return, except military service and some 

 quasi-feudal incidents, which they made for their lands. 3 



While some of the land in Gwent was divided into vills, 

 other was divided into carucates. 



" Walter, the crossbowman, holds of the King two carucates of 

 land, and has there 3 teams and 3 male and 3 female slaves. This 

 is worth 20J-." 4 



And the land that Earl William gave to Ralph of Limesi was 

 stated to be " 50 carucates of land as it is in Normandy." 



In Archinfield, too, the food rent was very prominent. 

 The King had there ninety-six men, who, with their men, had 

 seventy- three teams, and were accustomed to give 41 sextars 

 of honey and 2os. for the sheep which they used to give, and 

 ictf. for smoke-money (" fumagium "). 5 Honey was rendered 



1 D. B., I. 162 a I. - Id., I. 162 a 2. 



3 E. V. C., 195. 4 D. B., I. 162 a 2. 5 Id., I. 181 a i. 



