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VALUES AND RENDERS 237 



bailiffs of the eleventh century received similar dues, but the 

 omission of any statement as to their value leads one to believe 

 that such dues were of trifling value. The Cambridgeshire 

 jurors were not asked any question about the profits of the 

 courts, and considering how small was the profit received in 

 some cases from the mill and the meadows, one would have 

 supposed that, if there were manorial courts which returned 

 more than a nominal profit, some question would have been 

 asked concerning them. But it must be remembered that the 

 universal existence of manorial courts at the time of Domes- 

 day Book is " not proven." 



Other explanations of the Domesday values have been 

 given. 



1. After a comparison of the Domesday values of the 

 manors belonging to St. Paul's Cathedral with the " summa 

 denariorum " of the free tenants of those manors in 1 181, and 

 with the money rents paid by those tenants in 1222, Arch- 

 deacon Hale thinks that the three expressions were identical 

 in meaning, and that the Domesday value was the amount of 

 money paid by the free tenants in 1086 ; but, if this be so, 

 why do we find the values given for many estates where there 

 are no recorded tenants ? 



2. Professor Maitland says 



" I think it very clear from thousands of examples that an estate 

 is valued as a going concern. The question that the jurors put to 

 themselves is, What will this estate bring in peopled as it is, and 

 stocked as it is ? ' In other words, they do not endeavour to make 

 abstraction of the villans, oxen, etc., and to assign to the land what 

 would be its annual value if it were stocked or peopled according to 

 some standard of average culture." l 



There is very little difference between this view and that 

 elaborated in these pages, except that it is here contended 

 that the values represent the actual produce and money 

 received by the owner. 



1 D. B. and B., 413. 



