DISEASES OF SHEEP. 319 



ter of the brain, going forwards, pressing the head against a wail 

 or gate or fence, and standing stupidly. Death may then occur 

 in a few days or the sheep may appear to recover for a few 

 months when a different attack will occur. Two per cent is the 

 average of recoveries from these attacks. It has happened that 

 this worm selects, or is forced so to do, the spinal cord for its 

 resting place. Then the sheep walk with a staggering gait, and in- 

 flammation along the spine with all the symptoms of myelitis 

 occurs. There is little hope for cure by any of the alleged opera- 

 tions that have been reported, such as piercing the skuil with a 

 sharp-pointed syringe, and drawing off the serum from the blad-" 

 ders, when the worms will die, and the offending matter will 

 be absorbed without serious results. These alleged successful 

 operations are doubtless the vain stories of shepherds, who were 

 not sure of the disease ever existing. The skull may be 

 punctured and the brain operated on, and water may exist in the 

 cavity of the skull with some such manifestations as in this 

 peculiar disease. And this is doubtless the explanation of these 

 alleged cures of this complaint. 



The only cure is prevention by ridding the dogs of the tape 

 worms, by slaughtering the affected sheep at the early stage of 

 the disease, and carefully destroying the head and its contents. 

 A sheep in good condition may be used for food without risk 

 when thus disposed of. 



TAENIA ECHINOCOCCUS HYDATIDS. 



This worm is known as the many headed tape worm. As it 

 is not existing in this part of the world, it is merely mentioned so 

 far as -to say that its seat is in the liver and the lungs, and its 

 history and the methods of prevention are the same as those 

 described in the two above sections. The same applies to 



TENIA TENALLA, THE MUTTON MEASLE. 



This worm exists in the loin muscles of the sheep, forming 

 white spots as large as flaxseed in the meat. It is only noticed to 

 any considerable extent in Eastern Europe. 



TENIA FIMBRIATA.-THE GALL-DUCT TAPE WORM. 

 FRINGED TAPE WORM. 



This worm is distinctly an American pest. Its alleged native 

 home was in Brazil. Its common name is the fringed tape worm. 

 It reaches about one foot in length, and about a quarter of an 

 inch in width. It is found in the duodenum, the large bowel next 

 to the stomach, and also in the gall ducts. A large number of 

 them have been found at one examination in the duodenum, 

 sometimes amounting to a hundred. Usually from' two to thirty 

 are found. When found in a flock nearly every sheep will be in- 

 fested. It exists so abundantly on the Western plains as to cause 

 greater losses than from any other parasites. It has been found 

 in flocks in Utah, Colorado, Nebraska and westward to the 



