828 THE DOMESTIC SHEEP. 



duced until it be known to be sound and free from infection, 

 then, and then only, will this parasite be brought under con- 

 trol. As it is, by the how-not-to-do-it method, this as all other 

 of the parasites of the sheep are visibly increasing in vast num- 

 bers, and thus as we may say we are but at the beginning of a 



FIG. 8. CESOPHAGOSTOMA COLUMBIAN UM. 



Caecum showing wall filled with Nodules as seen at a and b. About 



one-half natural size. (Original.) 



crisis of what the end may be no one can think, or assert, 

 but every one may consider it as a serious matter for thought 

 and then due action. The importance of this great and most an- 

 cient industry of our race cannot surely be seriously threatened in 

 these days of intelligence and of scientific adaptation of means 

 to ends through all the affairs of mankind. We must always think 

 of that truly scientific maxim, an axiom truly, that is an self-evi- 

 dent truth, that the fittest only will survive. And the American 

 shepherd must make himself fit by study of his flocks, knowing 

 their full needs, and in all the ways that circumstances may indi- 

 cate and suggest, adapt everything to this one end, viz., to make 

 himself thoroughly conversant with the" needs of his flocks, and 

 then apply himself with every possible effort to meet these most 

 effectively. 



THE FLUKE DISEASES OF SHEEP. 



Among other deadly parasites of sheep the so-called fluke 

 worms, known as Fasciola hepatica and Distoma lanceolatum are 

 the deadliest. They have been, known to destroy two million 

 sheep in England in a single year, and several years ago the same 



