334 THE DOMESTIC SHEEP. 



their fathers and grandfathers, through numerous generations, is 

 to first apply tobacco smoke in the way mentioned, and the re- 

 laxing efi'ect of this causes the grubs to loosen their hold on the 

 membrane, when an immediate dose of fine Scotch snuff, blown 

 into the sinus through the nozzle of the syringe, or any suitable 

 tube, starts so violent a fit of sneezing that the grubs are ejected 

 with considerable force. 



When a valuable animal is thus distressed, and it is desired 

 to relieve it when serious danger threatens, it is no difficult mat- 

 ter to remove the grubs by the operation known as trepanning. 

 This is to open the skull by removing a portion of the bone by an 

 instrument specially prepared for the purpose, and which operat- 

 ing in a circular way in the manner of a carpenter's bit cuts a 

 round piece of bone from the skull, the flap of skin having been 

 first cut loose on three sides and laid back. The grubs are then 

 removed by forceps. The flap of skin which is someAvhat larger 

 than the opening made, is replaced and held by surgeon's rubber 

 plaster, to be protected by a suitable bandage. The wound heals 

 at once, and although the s'heep will have a soft spot in its 

 head, as we say, yet it will not at all interfere wi'th its ordinary 

 conduct or health. 



To find the precise spot required for the operation this plan 

 is suggested. Shave the wool or hair from the part to be operated 

 on. Then draw a line across the head from the point of the mid- 

 dle of each eyebrow, divide this line by another passing from the 

 tip of the nose in the exact middle to the middle of the forehead. 

 The diagram here given will help to choose the precise spot for 

 the operation, which is in each angle between the lines. 



The means of prevention con- 

 sist in the immediate burning of 

 all heads of dead sheep, and this 

 not only on account of this 

 pest but for the infinitely more 

 serious object of doing away 

 with the larvae of the tape 

 worms which harbor in the brain, 

 and do great damage to the flocks, 

 as previously ' commented on in 

 FIG. 22. -Diagram for Trepanning, this chapter. If the Heads of 



sheep are thrown out, the larvae 



of the fly, or of the worm, may be given a very effective means 

 of surviving, for the future annoyance and loss of the shepherd. 



ALBUMIN ART A. 



This disease consists of inflammation of the kidneys. It is 

 accompanied by conspicuous symptoms as a straddling, awkward 

 gait, and tenderness of the loins which give way when pressed. 

 The urine is thick and ropy, and in rams there is a collection 

 of matter at the orifice of the sheath. The disease soon develops 

 into dropsy, when the belly becomes filled with yellow serum 

 and is conspicuously enlarged. The treatment of this disease is 



