DISEASES OF SHEEP. 339 



It may be well to add two teaspoonfuls of whisky to this 

 medicine, given twice in twenty-four hours. For the lamb one-ha'f 

 of this is sufficient. 



A cordial mixture as the following is excellent for a ewe, if 

 none of those ready prepared are on hand: 



Tincture of rhubarb 1 ounce. 



'i iuciure of caruoruoms 1 ounce. 



Carbonate of soda 1 dram. 



Hot water or gruel 2 ounces. 



Add one teaspoonful of glycerine. 



CATARRH-SIMPLE AND MALIGNANT. 



No other animal is so subject to inflammation of the nasal mem- 

 branes and those of the throat and bronchial tubes, as the sheep. 

 The discharge from the nose prevails in every flock more or less, 

 and while it is a symptom of several diseases, yet it is a special 

 disorder of the mucous membranes, which at times is serious, 

 as leading to more troublesome disorders. 



Simple catarrh appears as a inore or less copious discharge 

 from the nostrils, which are inflamed, either as a result of a cold 

 due to exposure to rains or chilling winds, or from any inflamma- 

 tory state of the system. It is often a prelude to inflammation 

 of the lungs or influenza, and unless treated without delay it is 

 apt to lead to these more troublesome disorders. It is therefore 

 wise to take immediate measures to put a stop to it while it is 

 easy to do so. 



The symptoms are sneezing, redness of the eyes, and weeping; 

 at first the nose is dry and rather hot, but soon a thin, watery 

 fluid escapes, which gradually becomes thick and adherent, form- 

 ing scales on the edges of the nasal passages.. This later discharge 

 is yellowish white and has a purulent appearance. 



The treatment is as follows: In ordinary and mild cases 

 shelter in a dry, clean, airy shed with a few meals of warm bran 

 and linseed mash, for a few days, together with the application 

 of this powder blown into the nostrils several times a day will 

 usually afford complete relief: Take equal parts of finely pow- 

 dered sub-nitrate of bismuth, and gum Arabic, and mix them. 

 As much of this powder as will lie on a dime is blown into the 

 nostrils twice a day through a quill. Also give the tonic mixture 

 in the mash mentioned. 



If neglected this disorder may be apt to result in the epi- 

 zootic form, which is much more serious. This disease consists 

 of a purulent inflammation of the lining membrane of the nasal 

 passages, and throat, sometimes passing into the stomach and 

 bowels, ending in inflammation of these organs. If the cause of 

 this disease is known, it is" under only the most certain circum- 

 stances, for it is apt to occur in the best regulated flocks under 

 certain conditions of the weather. It is certain that its extensive 

 appearance is due to some prevailing general sudden change from 

 warm to cold, or the reverse; to chilling winds, and in flocks that 

 are unsheltered, or confined in ill-ventilated barns; whether the 



