66 FUNGOID PESTS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. 



(5-6 n diam.) being enclosed in the black heads, resting spores are 

 produced within the tissues of the decayed bulb. 



This fungus belongs to the Mucors, which produce resting spores, 

 after an act of conjugation, and the species are generally saprophytes, 

 living at the expense of decayed matter. Those who are responsible for 

 the conclusion have probably sound evidence for regarding this as the 

 cause and not the effect of the disease. We have not heard of any experi- 

 ments to show that sowing the Bhizopus on healthy bulbs will produce 

 the* disease. 



Naturally there is no remedy for rotted bulbs, and the only safeguard 

 is in prevention, and the destruction of diseased bulbs. 



Kew Bulletin, 1897, p. 87, plate ; Mass. PL Dis. p. 57, cuts, 351 ; 

 Journ. R.H.S. vol. xxvi. 1901, p. 376. 



TULIP SMUT. 

 Ustilago Tulipce (Heufl.). 



This smut has appeared on the leaves of Tulips in France, Germany, 

 and Austria, but not as yet in Great Britain. 



The pustules are elliptical and convex, scattered over the leaves, and 

 soon splitting longitudinally, exposing the sooty spores, which appear to 

 be quite black in the mass. They are globose or irregularly rounded 

 (16-20 p diam.), smooth, with a thick coat. Externally with much the 

 same appearance as the smut on Ornithogalum. 



Sacc. vii. 1640. 



TULIP MOULD. 

 Botrytis parasitica (Cav.). 



We are informed that cultivated Tulips are often killed by the attacks 

 of a mould which forms olive-brown velvety patches on the stem, leaves, 

 and flowers, which answers to the name given above. The threads are 

 grey, erect, with the basal joint inflated. Conidia ovate, large (16-20 

 x 10-13 /i), disposed on minute branches in an umbellate manner. Later 

 on smooth lentil- shaped sclerotia appear on the outer parts of the bulb, 

 sometimes so numerous as to form a black crust. 



Cav. App. Pat. Veg. p. 10, t. 6, figs. 1-4 ; Mass. PI. Dis. 158 ; Sacc. 

 Syll. x. 7167 ; Journ. E.H.S. xxvi. 1901, pp. 43, 198. 



TULIP BRAND. 

 Puccinia Tulipce (Schr.). 



There are said to be two species of brand which affect Tulip leaves, of 

 which the above is one, which is known in Germany and Austria. This 

 is one of those species for which neither cluster-cup nor uredo is known. 



The pustules are minute, rounded, or elliptical, and densely aggregated 

 together, or confluent, dark brown. The teleutospores are broadly ellipsoid, 

 rounded at both ends, with a thick spore-coat, or epispore, which is densely 

 warted (30-44 x 21-32 ^). The spores appear at first to be involved in a 

 hyaline mucous envelope. The short pedicel soon vanishes. 



Sacc. Syll. vii. 2347. 



