118 



FUNGOID PESTS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. 



are reported to have occurred on the fruits. The little black specks upon 

 ripe Apples which resemble fly-spots have not afforded any evidence of 

 fructification. Known under the above name, they are probably only 

 incipient conditions of " Apple scab." 



The Sph&ria Malorum of Berkeley, found upon decaying Apples lying 

 on the ground, would be outside the bounds of our inquiry, since it is 

 clearly a saprophyte, and possibly only Diplodia Malorum. 



In 1878 Baron von Thiimen published a work entitled " Fungi 

 Pomicoli," in which he enumerated thirty-one fungi as growing on 

 Apple and twenty-three on Pear trees, or their fruit. It is consoling to 

 find that the majority of these are in no respect parasitic, and many of 

 them common to all kinds of vegetable matter. Hence it is no guide to 

 orchard pests. 



Fr. Syst. Myc. iii. 504 ; Thilm. Pom. p. 9. 



APPLE BKOWN SPOT. 



Surface of the fruit and interior marked with brown spots. Cause 

 unknown. 



Gard. Chron. Sept. 9, 1905, p. 208. 



APPLE-TWIG TUMOUK. 

 Botryodiplodia pyrenophora (Sacc.), PL X. fig. 5. 



Little swellings are sometimes to be seen on Apple twigs in which the 

 bark cracks in an irregular manner and exhibits beneath a cluster of black 



FIG. 15. SPH.HROPSIS MALORUM. 



perithecia, about the size of pins' heads, closely packed together, and 

 seated upon a kind of cushion formed from the mycelium. 



These perithecia when mature contain a mass of rather large elliptical 

 sporules, at first one-celled and colourless, but afterwards divided across 



