244 FUNGOID PESTS OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. 



TURNIP WHITE RUST. 

 Cystopus candidus (Pers.), PL VII. fig, 98. 



This disease, which affects the foliage of most Cruciferous plants, has 

 been described and illustrated as " Cabbage White Rust " amongst 

 " Garden Vegetables " (p. 80), and figured on PL VII. fig. 98. 



Sacc. SylL vii. 792 ; Smith, Field Crops, p. 86 ; Mass. PL Dis. p. 59, 

 fig. 6. 



TURNIP CLUB ROOT. 

 Plasmodioplwra Brassica (Wor.), PL IX. fig. 101. 



This club root, which also affects Cabbages, has already been described 

 and illustrated as " Cabbage Club Root " amongst " Garden Vegetables " 

 (p. 83). It is also known as "Anbury" and "Fingers and Toes" in 

 rural districts. 



Land which has produced club root in any one season should not be 

 cultivated with Cruciferous plants for at least four or five succeeding years 

 (see also Gardeners' Chronicle, November 21, 1903,- p. 351). 



Sacc. SylL vii. 1568 ; Mass. PL Dis. p. 334 ; Smith, Field Crops, 

 p. 94, figs. 34-39. 



DAMPING OFF. 

 Pythium DeBaryanum (Hesse), PL IX. fig. 99. 



This disease is liable to attack seedlings of Turnip, Rape, Mustard and 

 other Cruciferous plants, as well as Clover, Mangold, &c. It has already 

 been described, under "Pests of Vegetable Garden" (p. 82), and figured 

 on PL IX. fig. 99. 



Sacc. SylL vii. 924 ; Mass. PL Dis. p. 54, fig. 4. 



BEETROOT RUST. 

 Uromyces Beta (Kuhn), PL XXIII. fig. 34. 



The leaves of Garden Beet and Field Mangold are liable to the attacks 

 of a rust to such an extent that the crops are often seriously injured. 

 All three stages of aecidium or cluster- cups, uredo, and teleutospore are 

 recorded as occurring in proper order. Not having resided in the country 

 for many years, we must confess never to have seen the first stage. 



The cluster-cups are collected on yellowish orbicular spots ; the cups 

 being cup-shaped with a torn margin; aecidiospores globose or oblong, 

 but angular by compression (22-26 x 16-22/z), orange, and smooth. 



The pustules of the uredospores are common enough about June, 

 rather small, but freely scattered over the leaves, and of a cinnamon or 

 chestnut-brown colour. The uredospores are elliptical or subglobose, 

 (23-32 x 17-24u), yellowish-brown, and slightly rough or almost smooth, 

 and, being powdery, are soon scattered over the leaves. 



The teleutospores appear about August, and the pustules are either 

 scattered or disposed in circles. The teleutospores are ovate or ellipsoid, 

 with a wart-like projection at the apex (26-35 x 19-25/*), of a brown 

 colour, and smooth, at first with a thin hyaline pedicel, which soon falls 

 away. 



