MENTAL POWER OF ANIMALS. 97 



dog. His are taught their proper business thoroughly ; 

 but there it ends. ' I never makes them learn no tricks,' 

 says he, ' because I don't like to see 'em made fools of.' 

 I have observed that almost all those whose labour lies in 

 the field, and who go down to their business in the green 

 meadows, admit the animal world to a share in the faculty 

 of reason. It is the cabinet thinkers who construct a 

 universe of automatons. 



No better illustration of the two modes of observation 

 can be found than in the scene of Goethe's ' Faust ' where 

 Faust and Wagner walking in the field are met by a strange 

 dog. The first sees something more than a mere dog ; 

 he feels the presence of an intelligence within the outward 

 semblance in this case an evil intelligence, it is true, but 

 still a something beyond mere tail and paws and ears. 

 To Wagner it is a dog and nothing more that will sit at 

 the feet of his master and fawn on him if spoken to, who 

 can be taught to fetch and carry or bring a stick ; the end, 

 however, proves different. So one mind sees the outside 

 only ; another projects itself into the mind of the creature, 

 be it dog, or horse, or bird. 



Experience certainly educates the dog as it does the 

 man. After long acquaintance and practice in the field 

 we learn the habits and ways of game to know where it 

 will or not be found. A young dog in the same way 

 dashes swiftly up a hedge, and misses the rabbit that, hear- 

 ing him coming, doubles back behind a tree or stole ; an 



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