CHAPTEE VI. 



WOODPECKERS, BARBETS, ETC. 



THE Pittas bring us to the end of the Passerine 

 birds, and the few species I shall have to deal with now 

 will belong to quite other groups, which are easily made 

 out. 



THE WOODPECKERS. 



These are known to the natives as Kat-tokra, and are 

 very easily recognizable birds. They have a straight, 

 tapering, chisel-tipped bill and feet with only two toes in 

 front and one or two behind ; the outer front toe being 

 as it were turned back, so that the real hind toe is rather 

 thrown into the shade, and is often very small, or may 

 be dispensed with altogether. 



The tongue of a Woodpecker is a most curious 

 structure ; it is long and wormlike, with a horny tip 

 furnished with numerous barbs, and can be shot out of 

 the mouth for some distance, the arms of the hyoid or 

 tongue-bone being long and curved right round over 

 the head under the scalp, and acting like a pair of springs. 

 In young birds the barbs at the tip of the tongue are not 

 developed at first. 



Another very characteristic point of the structure of 

 most Woodpeckers is the tail. This is rather short, with 



