42 GARDEN DESIGN 



defensive reasons the nobles built usually on the 

 hill slopes, and terraces are a leading feature. 

 Marble is abundant, and the art of sculpture well 

 developed, and the result may be seen in the exten- 

 sive use of sculptured figures, stone water basins 

 and vases. The necessity for shade, and the pre- 

 valence of vines and the common method of cul- 

 tivating them over frames has led to the develop- 

 ment of the pergola, which has been so largely 

 copied by other countries, for climbers of every 

 description. Summer-heat makes water a grate- 

 ful feature, and water works of every form, pools, 

 fountains and cascades are found. 



Arbutus, ilex, and myrtle are native, and the 

 contrasting beauty of deep evergreen foliage with 

 the white marble is taken full advantage of in 

 planting. Stone and cluster pines, and cypress 

 are also valued, the latter making an effective 

 foil to architectural work. Clipped hedges are 

 common. Flowers are introduced in formal beds. 

 The constant need for watering makes it con- 

 venient to concentrate the flower beds, and more- 

 over the architectural character of the design 

 requires formality. 



6. JAPAN 



THE only people who have carried the art of land- 

 scape gardening to its logical conclusion are the 

 Japanese. They deliberately produce miniature 

 landscapes, and cts flower beds and mown lawns 



